Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics in the patients with SND and those without.
| Variables | Total (n=2,331) | SND (n=222) | No SND (n=2,109) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.2±10.8 | 63.7±9.2 | 57.6±10.8 | <0.001 | |
| Male | 1,730 (74.2) | 118 (53.2) | 1,612 (76.4) | <0.001 | |
| Paroxysmal AF | 1,635 (70.2) | 181 (81.5) | 1,454 (69.0) | <0.001 | |
| AF duration (months) | 38.7±47.1 | 31.2±32.9 | 39.5±48.4 | 0.296 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0±3.1 | 24.5±3.0 | 25.1±3.1 | 0.014 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Heart failure | 215 (9.2) | 19 (8.6) | 196 (9.3) | 0.719 | |
| Hypertension | 1,080 (46.3) | 125 (56.3) | 955 (45.3) | 0.002 | |
| Diabetes | 348 (14.9) | 33 (14.9) | 315 (14.9) | 0.975 | |
| Stroke/TIA | 269 (11.5) | 43 (19.4) | 226 (10.7) | <0.001 | |
| Vascular disease | 259 (11.1) | 29 (13.1) | 230 (10.9) | 0.331 | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.7±1.5 | 2.4±1.7 | 1.6±1.5 | <0.001 | |
| Echocardiographic measures | |||||
| LA dimension (mm) | 41.1±6.0 | 41.3±6.2 | 41.1±6.0 | 0.602 | |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 63.6±16.9 | 64.2±8.0 | 63.5±17.6 | 0.085 | |
| E/Em | 10.0±4.1 | 11.6±4.5 | 9.8±4.0 | <0.001 | |
| Medications | |||||
| ACEi/ARB | 787 (33.8) | 87 (39.2) | 700 (33.3) | 0.076 | |
| β-blocker | 813 (35.0) | 53 (23.9) | 760 (36.1) | <0.001 | |
| Statin | 683 (29.4) | 82 (36.9) | 601 (28.6) | 0.009 | |
| AAD | 431 (18.5) | 16 (7.2) | 415 (19.7) | <0.001 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
AAD = antiarrhythmic drug; ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF = atrial fibrillation; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; E/Em = mitral inflow velocity/mitral annulus tissue velocity; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; SND = sinus node dysfunction; TIA = transient ischemia attack.