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. 2020 Mar 12;10:4556. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61279-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological structures of small intestinal mucosa in 42-day old piglets (stained with hematoxylin-eosin). In all panels, the letters indicate the following structures: C, Crypts; DG, duodenal gland; LP, Lamina propria; MM, muscularis mucosae; PPs, Peyer’s Patches; S, submucosa; and V, villi. (A1) Duodenum of a Duan-Nai-An-treated piglet. The duodenal villi were thick and strong. There were a great number of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. (A2) Duodenum of a yeast-treated piglet. There were a great number of lymphocyte cells in the lamina propria. (A3) Duodenum of a control piglet. The duodenal villi were thin and atrophied. Part of the epithelial cells sloughed off. (B1) Jejunum of a Duan-Nai-An-treated piglet. There were well-developed PPs observed in the jejunal submucosa and a great number of cells in the lamina propria. The jejunal villi were intact. (B2) Jejunum of a yeast-treated piglet. The PPs in the submucosa of jejunum were well-developed. There were a number of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. (B3) Jejunum of a control piglet. The PPs in the submucosa of jejunum were visible. Jejunal villi were atrophied and epithelial cells sloughed off. (C1) Ileum of a Duan-Nai-An-treated piglet. The PPs in the submucosa were very well-developed. There were a large number of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. (C2) Ileum of a yeast-treated piglet. The PPs in the submucosa were well-developed. There were a large number of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. (C3) Ileum of a control piglet. The PPs in the submucosa were visible. Ileal villi were atrophied and epithelial cells sloughed off.