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. 2020 Mar 12;10:4556. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61279-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electron micrographs of the ileum in 42-day old piglets. (A1) SEM of the ileal mucosa of a Duan-Nai-An-treated piglet showing intact and clearly visible villi. (A2) SEM of the ileal mucosa of a yeast-treated piglet showing localized mucus residues and partial slough of epithelium. (A3) SEM of the ileal mucosa of a control piglet showing a large number of adhering mucus, partial villi damaged, and slough of the epithelium. (B1) TEM of the ileal villi of a Duan-Nai-An -treated piglet showing clear, intact and dense microvilli (indicated by an arrow). (B2) TEM of the ileal villi of a yeast-treated piglet showing intact microvilli (indicated by an arrow). (B3) TEM of the ileal villi of a control piglet showing fractured and sloughed microvilli (indicated by an arrow). (C1) TEM of the ileal lamina propria of a Duan-Nai-An-treated piglet showing well developed lymphocytes with abundant endoplasmic reticulum (indicated by ▲). (C2) TEM of the ileal lamina propria of a yeast-treated piglet showing well developed lymphocytes (indicated by an arrow). (C3) TEM of the ileal lamina propria of a control piglet showing necrosis and chromatin margination of lymphocytes (indicated by an arrow).