Fig. 4. e-MoO₃//graphite DIES device.

a Design of the dual-ion-intercalation MoO₃//graphite cell. On the anode side, predominantly Li⁺ is intercalated and de-intercalated between [MoO₆] layers of MoO₃ during charge/discharge. On the cathode side, graphite is used as a host for hexafluorophosphate (PF₆⁻) anion intercalation/de-intercalation. b The initial four galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹ and the corresponding potential variation of the cathode and anode. c CV curves of the device at different scan rates. d Change of the gravimetric capacity based on the total active mass as a function of v^−1/2. e Rate performance of the e-MoO₃//graphite device based on the volume of the whole device. f Ragone plots of e-MoO₃//graphite device in comparison with state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices; the performance is normalized to the total cell volume, which includes the active materials, current collectors and separators. g Cycling performance of the e-MoO₃//graphite device at 400 mA g⁻¹ and 1 A g⁻¹.