Table 2.

Statistical insights on differential language expression prior to an emergency visit*.

Feature	Cohen’s d	p-value (corrected)	Mean diff-of-diff	95% CI
Emergency
Change in Linguistic Style/ Mental Well-being
Categories that increase in usage before emergency visit
Anxious	0.241	<0.001	0.070	[0.1, 0.38]
Depressed	0.238	<0.001	0.066	[0.1, 0.37]
Arousal (how exciting the post is)	0.191	0.011	0.051	[0.06, 0.33]
Valence (positive affect)	0.168	0.017	0.079	[0.03, 0.3]
#posts b/w 9am-12pm	0.160	0.020	0.016	[0.02, 0.3]
#posts b/w 12-3 pm	0.144	0.047	0.013	[0.01, 0.28]
Categories that decrease in usage before emergency visit
Netspeak (‘u’, ‘da’, ‘smh’)	−0.374	<0.001	−0.01	[−0.51, −0.24]
1st person singular (‘I’, ‘my’, ‘me’, ‘I’m’)	−0.345	<0.001	−0.012	[−0.48, −0.21]
Informal Speech (‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’)	−0.345	<0.001	−0.012	[−0.48, −0.21]
Leisure (‘family’, ‘fun’, ‘play’, ‘nap’)	−0.225	0.001	−0.002	[−0.36, −0.09]
Change in Linguistic Topics
Topics that increase in usage before emergency visit
hospital, pain, surgery, blood, doctor, nurse	0.230	0.001	0.001	[0.09, 0.37]
kids, child, their, children, mother, father	0.165	0.021	<0.001	[0.03,0.3]
even, still, tho, though, yet, blah	0.165	0.021	<0.001	[0.03,0.3]
thankful, very, amazing, most, blessed, wonderful	0.142	0.013	<0.001	[0.01,0.28]
Topics that decrease in usage before emergency visit
luv, nite, sum, 2day, kidz, doin	−0.315	<0.001	−0.001	[−0.45, −0.18]
<3, tht, lovin, bt, missin, ima	−0.308	<0.001	<0.001	[−0.44, −0.17]
nite, fb, bed, gn, sleep, night	−0.295	<0.001	−0.001	[−0.43, −0.15]
jus, bored, crib, house, chilin, hmu	−0.287	<0.001	−0.001	[−0.42, −0.14]

*Positive cohen’s d indicates an increase in the given style, while a negative score indicates decrease. Effect sizes of individual linguistic features (diff-of-diff b/w true and null events) for emergency visits. Significance was measured using paired, two-tailed t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg p-correction.