Fig. 4. Depletion of gut microbiota impairs the turnover of intestinal macrophages.

a Representative intravital images of colonic LP in SPF control and Abx-treated mice at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from Cx3cr1^GFP/+Ccr2^RFP/+ mice. Scale bars, 50 μm. b Analysis of monocyte hues in control and Abx-treated mice at the indicated time points. n = 3–5 in each time points. c The number of CX3CR1⁺CCR2^hi cells, CX3CR1^intCCR2^lo cells, and CX3CR1^hiCCR2^lo cells per colon at 2 and 6 weeks after BMT quantified by flow cytometry. Cells were pregated on size, viability, and CD45⁺. n = 4–5 per group. d Quantification of the number of CX3CR1^int and CX3CR1^hi macrophages at 2 and 6 weeks after BMT. Cells were pregated on size, viability, CD45⁺, CD103⁻, CD11b⁺, and F4/80⁺. n = 4–8 per group. e, f Quantification of monocyte hues of control and Abx-treated mice at 6 weeks after BMT from Cx3cr1^GFP/+Ccr2^RFP/+, Cx3cr1^GFP/+Ccr2^RFP/RFP or Nr4a1^−/−Cx3cr1^GFP/+Ccr2^RFP/+ mice. n = 3–5 per group. Data represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, NS not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.