TABLE 4.
Results of confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance across genders.
| Model | χ2 (df) | CFI | TLI | RMSEA (90%CI) | Model comparison | ΔRMSEA | ΔCFI |
| C in total sample (n = 1,532) | 1,984.936(189) | 0.965 | 0.961 | 0.078 (0.075–0.082) | – | – | – |
| C in male group (n = 383) | 526.520 (189) | 0.982 | 0.980 | 0.068 (0.061–0.075) | – | – | – |
| C in female group (n = 1,149) | 1,527.880(189) | 0.965 | 0.961 | 0.079 (0.075–0.082) | – | – | – |
| 1.Configural invariance (M1) | 1,912.469(378) | 0.972 | 0.968 | 0.073 (0.070–0.076) | – | – | – |
| 2.Metric invariance (M2) | 1,949.453(398) | 0.971 | 0.970 | 0.071 (0.068–0.075) | 2 vs. 1 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| 3.Scalar invariance (M3) | 1,770.140(439) | 0.975 | 0.976 | 0.063 (0.060–0.063) | 3 vs. 2 | 0.004 | 0.008 |
ΔCFI and ΔRMSEA refer to the difference between the model under consideration and the preceding (less constrained) model. df, degree of freedom; TLI, Tucker–Lewis Index; CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; 90% CI, 90% Confidence Interval for RMSEA; ΔCFI, difference in CFI between nested models; ΔRMSEA, difference in RMSEA between nested Models.