Fabrication of advanced nerve guidance channels (NGCs) via electrospinning for peripheral nerve regeneration. (a) PCL/PLLA conduits seeded with autologous stem cells for repair of sciatic nerve defects in rats [135], (b) 3D bifunctionalized nerve conduits made of PLGA and PU supported the attachment and growth of neural cells [136], (c) core-shell PLGA nanofibrous NGCs loaded with NGF implanted across a 15-mm defect in the sciatic nerve [137], and (d) laminin-coated and yarn-encapsulated PLGA NGCs supported proliferation and migration of glia cells [138]. Images reprinted with permission from (a) Frost et al. [135], (b) Kim et al. [136], (c) Zhang et al. [137], and (d) Wu et al. [138]. PLGA, poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLLA, poly-l-lactic acid; 3D, three-dimensional; PU, polyurethane; NGF, nerve growth factor; LC, laminin-coated; YE, yarn-encapsulated; NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide; EDC, ethylene diaminecarbodiimide.