Fig. 18.

Three-dimensional printed lab-on-a-chip devices for neuroscience applications. (a) Microextrusion-based 3D printing of an in vitro platform for the study of viral infection in the nervous system [217]. (b) Use of SLA-based and inkjet-based 3D printers for the manufacturing of a microfluidic biosensing platform for online monitoring of the chemical changes in the human brain [219]. Images adapted with permission from (a) Johnson et al. [217] and (b) Samper et al. [219]. PNS, peripheral nervous system; 3D, three-dimensional; SLA, stereolithography.