Study	Reason for exclusion
Buch 1989	Comparative study of functional treatments and immobilisation for 124 people with isolated ulnar shaft fracture. Translation from German showed it was not randomised.
Chirstos 2002	Author confirmed that some of the 125 people with forearm bone compound fractures resulting from missile injuries had isolated ulnar shaft fractures. He also explained that the use of the term "at random" in the abstract of the report did not refer to a randomised trial but that there was a "lack of standard management and implements to dictate management protocol".
Collinge 2000	Randomised trial comparing open reduction and plating with intramedullary nailing in 36 people with 37 diaphyseal forearm fractures, six of whom only had ulnar fractures. The sample size, which may have been further reduced through inadequate follow‐up, of people with isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft was considered too small to pursue separate data for these patients.
Coulibaly 2010	Conference abstract reporting a retrospective series of 70 people with isolated ulnar shaft fractures and a comparison of the outcomes of operative versus conservative treatment.
Goel 1991	Comparative prospective study of 89 people with 90 isolated ulna fractures who were treated with either plaster cast splintage (45 fractures) or elastic crepe bandage support and early mobilisation (45 fractures). It is not clear how the two groups were derived. Only 60 people were followed up. There was no response to a request for further information sent to the authors in March 1999.
Labbe 1998	Abstract only. Authors confirmed (reply March 1998) that this was a retrospective study but also indicated that they were working on a randomised study of the same comparison.
Piatek 2000	Randomised trial of nailing versus plate fixation for closed fractures in the middle third of both lower arm bones in 11 people. Not isolated ulnar shaft fractures.
Skinner 1989	Abstract initially downloaded from web. However the full abstract in Orthopaedic Transactions confirmed this was not a randomised trial.