Table 2.
Mean scores, standard deviations, and gender differences.
| Total | Boys | Girls | t-Value | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 Depressive Symptoms | 8.23 (6.26) | 7.76(6.28) | 8.66 (6.22) | 2.55 * | 0.14 |
| T2 Depressive Symptoms | 9.08 (7.42) | 8.86 (8.16) | 9.27 (6.69) | 0.92 | 0.05 |
| T3 Depressive Symptoms | 9.23(7.84) | 8.77 (8.29) | 9.63 (7.42) | 1.69 | 0.11 |
| T4 Depressive Symptoms | 9.23(8.17) | 8.94 (8.79) | 9.47 (7.61) | 1.00 | 0.06 |
| T1 Rumination | 20.18 (7.40) | 18.40(6.20) | 21.85 (8.02) | 8.36 *** | 0.48 |
| T2 Rumination | 20.53 (7.79) | 18.76 (7.00) | 22.17 (8.13) | 7.40 *** | 0.45 |
| T3 Rumination | 20.36 (7.79) | 18.48 (7.28) | 21.89 (7.85) | 6.96 *** | 0.46 |
| T4 Rumination | 20.16 (7.64) | 18.16 (6.47) | 21.83 (8.13) | 7.72 *** | 0.50 |
| T1 Distraction | 13.24 (3.92) | 12.79 (4.01) | 13.66 (3.80) | 3.90 *** | 0.22 |
| T2 Distraction | 12.80 (4.00) | 12.19 (4.24) | 13.35 (3.69) | 4.83 *** | 0.29 |
| T3 Distraction | 12.58 (3.94) | 11.81 (4.11) | 13.25 (3.65) | 5.59 *** | 0.37 |
| T4 Distraction | 12.39 (3.94) | 11.61 (3.98) | 13.03 (3.79) | 5.73 *** | 0.37 |
| T1 Problem-Solving | 8.63 (3.20) | 7.74 (2.90) | 9.46 (3.24) | 9.72 *** | 0.56 |
| T2 Problem-Solving | 8.43 (3.14) | 7.87 (3.13) | 8.93 (3.06) | 5.65 *** | 0.34 |
| T3 Problem-Solving | 8.39 (3.24) | 7.53 (3.11) | 9.13 (3.16) | 7.67 *** | 0.51 |
| T4 Problem-Solving | 8.44 (3.29) | 7.62 (3.02) | 9.13 (3.34) | 7.34 *** | 0.47 |
Note. * p < 0.05 *** p < 0.001.