Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants, overall and by country. Data from European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), 2006–2009, Eurostat.
| Variables | Total (1) (n = 84,503) |
Austria (1) (n = 15,382) |
Bulgaria (1) (n = 5661) |
Greece (1) (n = 6172) |
Poland (1) (n = 35,100) |
Spain (1) (n = 22,188) |
p-Value (2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 15–29 | 26.6% | 27.1% | 23.1% | 20.7% | 31.4% | 21.2% | <0.001 |
| 30–44 | 16.7% | 18.9% | 14.0% | 16.0% | 14.5% | 19.7% | ||
| 45–60 | 33.3% | 31.2% | 36.2% | 30.4% | 35.2% | 32.0% | ||
| 60+ | 23.3% | 22.8% | 26.7% | 32.9% | 18.9% | 27.2% | ||
| Gender | Male | 45.3% | 45.4% | 47.4% | 39.1% | 46.0% | 45.3% | <0.001 |
| Female | 54.7% | 54.6% | 52.6% | 60.9% | 54.0% | 54.7% | ||
| Citizenship | Nationals | 96.9% | 94.5% | 99.6% | 94.5% | 99.9% | 93.8% | <0.001 |
| Nationals of other EU countries | 1.0% | 1.8% | 0.2% | 1.3% | 0.1% | 2.2% | ||
| Nationals of non-EU countries | 2.1% | 3.7% | 0.2% | 4.2% | 0.1% | 4.0% | ||
|
Education level
(highest attained) |
Less than secondary education | 23.4% | 0.9% | 8.9% | 37.9% | 21.1% | 42.3% | <0.001 |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary | 55.5% | 71.6% | 72.5% | 38.2% | 61.5% | 35.5% | ||
| Tertiary | 21.1% | 27.5% | 18.5% | 23.7% | 17.5% | 22.2% | ||
| Employment status | Worker | 46.3% | 52.4% | 47.9% | 38.4% | 45.6% | 45.0% | <0.001 |
| Not a worker | 22.8% | 18.1% | 17.2% | 28.7% | 21.6% | 27.7% | ||
| Former worker | 30.9% | 30.0% | 35.9% | 33.7% | 32.0% | 27.8% | ||
| Marital status | Never married | 25.4% | 28.4% | 21.7% | 20.7% | 24.7% | 26.5% | <0.001 |
| Married | 57.9% | 56.6% | 58.4% | 60.1% | 60.3% | 54.1% | ||
| Widowed, not remarried | 11.7% | 8.9% | 14.7% | 15.5% | 10.8% | 13.0% | ||
| Divorced, not remarried | 5.1% | 6.1% | 5.2% | 3.7% | 4.1% | 6.3% | ||
| Degree of urbanisation of the area of residence | Densely-populated area | 36.8% | 22.4% | 43.9% | 42.5% | 32.9% | 49.5% | <0.001 |
| Intermediate area | 16.5% | 23.7% | 7.8% | 11.6% | 12.9% | 20.6% | ||
| Thinly-populated area | 46.8% | 54.0% | 48.2% | 45.9% | 54.2% | 29.9% | ||
| Underlying illness or health problem | Yes | 49.6% | 39.0% | 43.2% | 48.2% | 51.1% | 56.5% | <0.001 |
| No | 50.4% | 61.2% | 56.6% | 51.9% | 48.7% | 43.7% | ||
| Perceived health status | Good/very good | 35.1% | 26.8% | 36.5% | 34.8% | 40.5% | 32.2% | <0.001 |
| Fair/bad/very bad | 64.9% | 79.0% | 60.7% | 71.0% | 52.7% | 73.6% | ||
| Body mass index | Underweight/normal | 37.2% | 45.8% | 36.1% | 34.6% | 34.4% | 36.5% | <0.001 |
| Overweight/obesity | 62.8% | 64.4% | 61.6% | 71.3% | 59.1% | 65.7% | ||
| Smoking habits | Smoker | 27.8% | 23.4% | 37.8% | 36.2% | 26.2% | 28.6% | <0.001 |
| Non-smoker | 72.2% | 83.1% | 68.2% | 70.3% | 67.6% | 73.5% | ||
| Physical activity | Active | 34.7% | 26.7% | 36.9% | 28.7% | 30.1% | 48.7% | <0.001 |
| Inactive | 65.3% | 75.8% | 53.4% | 73.5% | 68.4% | 53.7% | ||
| Attendance of breast cancer screening | Adherent | 45.5% | 68.8% | 15.8% | 31.9% | 42.6% | 48.0% | <0.001 |
| Non-adherent | 54.5% | 35.1% | 81.8% | 71.2% | 53.4% | 54.8% | ||
| Attendance of cervical cancer screening | Adherent | 52.8% | 78.8% | 28.7% | 47.2% | 51.8% | 44.7% | <0.001 |
| Non-adherent | 47.2% | 26.2% | 65.1% | 57.3% | 43.7% | 58.5% | ||
(1) Percentages were calculated over all participants with non-missing values. (2) p-Values were from chi-square test comparing the distribution of each variable across countries.