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. 2020 Feb 14;17(4):1246. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041246

Table 3.

Association between geographic remoteness and self-reported health behaviours (N = 14,650).

Risky Alcohol
(Adults, 18+ Years)
Daily Smoker
(Adults, 18+ Years)
Meets Exercise Guidelines
(Adults, 18+ Years)
2+ Fruit per Day
(Adults, 18+ Years)
5+ Vegetables per Day
(Adults, 18+ Years)
N (%) 1 OR2 ORADJ 3 N (%) 1 OR 2 ORADJ 3 N (%) 1 OR 2 ORADJ 3 N (%) 1 OR 2 ORADJ 3 N (%) 1 OR 2 ORADJ 3
Major city 4 3422
(35.5%)
1.00 1.00 1298
(13.5%)
1.00 1.00 1056
(15.8%)
1.00 1.00 4957
(51.5%)
1.00 1.00 848
(8.8%)
1.00 1.00
Inner regional 1012
(37.8%)
1.10 (1.01–1.20) 1.22 (1.10–1.35) 462
(17.3%)
1.34
(1.19–1.50)
0.95 (0.84–1.08) 371
(13.9%)
0.85
(0.76–0.97)
1.02 (0.90–1.16) 1367
(51.0%)
0.98
(0.90–1.70)
1.06 (0.97–1.16) 283
(10.6%)
1.22
(1.06–1.41)
1.213 (1.04–1.41)
Outer/Remote 877
(38.9%)
1.16
(1.05–1.27)
1.19 (1.07–1.33) 481
(21.3%)
1.74
(1.55–1.96)
1.27 (1.12–1.44) 286
(12.7%)
0.77
(0.67–0.88)
0.90 (0.78–1.03) 1081
(48.0%)
0.87
(0.79–0.95)
95 (0.86–1.047) 298
(13.2%)
1.58
(1.37–1.82)
1.598 (1.38–1.85)
LHR test 5 χ2 = 11.37
df = 2, p = (0.003)
χ2 = 20.12
df = 2, p = (<0.001)
χ2 = 95.33
df = 2, p = (<0.001)
χ2 = 18.60
df = 2, p = (<0.001)
χ2 = 17.66
df = 2, p = (<0.001)
χ2 = 2.69
df = 2, p = (261)
χ2 = 9.13
df = 2, p = (0.010)
χ2 = 3.51
df = 2, p = (173)
χ2 = 42.29
df = 2, p = (<0.001)
χ2 = 39.30
df = 2, p = (<0.001)

1 N = Number of eligible respondents who met the criteria for this item, (%) = percentage of eligible respondents in this remoteness category who met the criteria for this item 2 Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) of participating in screening activities (self-reported). 3 Adjusted odds ratios (ORADJ) from multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for age, SES, education, and whether born in Australia. 4 Reference category for odds ratios. 5 Likelihood ratio test, based on the chi-squared statistic, for the significance of the remoteness variable.