Table 5.
Correlates of poor self-rated health status.
| Total | Subjective Health Status | Univariate Logistic Regression | Multivariate Logistic Regression | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rather Poor/Poor | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1142 (66.8%) | 97 (8.5%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Male | 568 (33.2%) | 85 (15.0%) | 1.90 *** (1.39–2.59) | 1.79 * (1.12–2.89) |
| Age (years of age) | ||||
| <30 | 194 (11.3%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| 30–39 | 725 (42.4%) | 43 (5.9%) | 4.01 * (1.23–13.09) | 5.82 * (1.25–27.16) |
| 40–49 | 578 (33.8%) | 81 (14.0%) | 10.38 *** (3.24–33.26) | 10.29 ** (2.21–47.89) |
| 50–59 | 213 (12.5%) | 55 (25.8%) | 22.16 ***(6.79–72.32) | 10.68 ** (2.24–50.75) |
| Education | ||||
| Primary | 468 (27.4%) | 70 (15.0%) | 5.28 ** (1.62–17.15) | 2.34 (0.49–11.28) |
| Vocational | 566 (33.1%) | 64 (11.3%) | 3.82 * (1.18–12.44) | 2.16 (0.45–10.30) |
| Secondary | 583 (34.1%) | 45 (7.7%) | 2.51 (0.76–8.25) | 2.37 (0.50–11.32) |
| High | 93 (5.4%) | 3 (3.2%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Employment status | ||||
| Permanent job | 507 (29.6%) | 18 (3.6%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Temporary job | 149 (8.7%) | 12 (18.0%) | 2.38 * (1.12–5.06) | 1.18 (0.49–2.85) |
| Disabled or retired | 55 (3.2%) | 20 (36.4%) | 15.52 *** (7.53–32.02) | 9.07 *** (3.68–22.37) |
| Unemployed | 999 (58.4%) | 132 (13.2%) | 4.14 *** (2.50–6.6.85) | 2.34 ** (1.34–4.19) |
| Subjective assessment of monthly income | ||||
| Sufficient to cover all living needs plus may save a certain amount | 208 (12.2%) | 5 (2.4%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Sufficient to cover all living needs | 894 (52.3%) | 70 (7.8%) | 3.45 ** (1.37–8.66) | 1.50 (0.55–4.10) |
| Sufficient to cover basic needs only | 433 (25.3%) | 94 (21.7%) | 11.26 *** (4.50–28.16) | 2.00 (0.70–5.69) |
| Difficult to say | 175 (10.2%) | 13 (7.4%) | 3.26 * (1.14–9.33) | 1.73 (0.54–5.51) |
| Subjective assessment of living conditions | ||||
| Fair/rather fair | 787 (46.0%) | 47 (6.0%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Neither fair nor poor | 774 (45.3%) | 94 (12.1%) | 2.18 *** (1.51–3.14) | 0.86 (0.54–1.38) |
| Rather poor | 85 (5.0%) | 23 (27.1%) | 5.84 *** (3.33–10.25) | 1.44 (0.66–3.14) |
| Very poor | 30 (1.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 7.87 *** (3.49–17.78) | 1.05 (0.33–3.29) |
| Difficult to say | 34 (2.0%) | 8 (23.5%) | 4.48 *** (2.08–11.28) | 1.13 (0.89–8.99) |
| Subjective assessment of life satisfaction | ||||
| Extremely satisfied/Satisfied | 702 (41.1%) | 23 (3.3%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Neutral | 855 (50.0%) | 106 (12.4%) | 4.18 *** (2.63–6.64) | 2.38 ** (1.35–4.20) |
| Slightly dissatisfied | 106 (6.2%) | 34 (32.0%) | 13.94 *** (7.78–24.97) | 5.06 *** (2.41–10.63) |
| Dissatisfied/Extremely dissatisfied | 47 (2.7%) | 19 (40.4%) | 20.03 *** (9.79–41.00) | 5.14 *** (1.94–13.64) |
| Cohabitation with partner and/or family | ||||
| Yes | 1444 (84.4%) | 150 (10.4%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
| No | 266 (15.6%) | 32 (12.0%) | 1.18 (0.79–1.77) | |
| Current smoking | ||||
| Yes | 527 (30.8%) | 71 (13.5%) | 1.57 ** (1.13–2.17) | 1.08 (0.69-1.69) |
| Yes, occasionally | 110 (6.4%) | 14 (12.7%) | 1.47 (0.81–2.67) | 1.55 (0.73-3.28) |
| No | 1073 (62.8%) | 97 (9.0%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes | 750 (43.9%) | 76 (10.1%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
| No | 960 (56.1%) | 106 (11.0%) | 1.11 (0.81–1.51) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 403 (23.6%) | 47 (11.7%) | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) | |
| No | 1307 (76.4%) | 135 (10.3%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
| Binge drinking | ||||
| Never | 1223 (71.5%) | 127 (10.4%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Few times per year | 299 (17.5%) | 28 (9.4%) | 0.96 (0.62–1.48) | 0.81 (0.46-1.42) |
| Once per month | 39 (2.3%) | 4 (10.3%) | 1.06 (0.37–3.05) | 0.28 (0.06-1.43) |
| Once per week | 24 (1.4%) | 9 (37.5%) | 5.58 *** (2.39–13.05) | 12.62 ***(3.71-42.87) |
| Difficult to say | 125 (7.3%) | 14 (11.2%) | 1.17 (0.65–2.11) | 0.94 (0.41-2.19) |
| Number of health problems | ||||
| None | 231 (13.8%) | 3 (1.3%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| 1–3 | 900 (53.7%) | 44 (4.9%) | 3.91 * (1.20–12.70) | 4.64 * (1.22-17.68) |
| 4–6 | 448 (26.7%) | 90 (20.1%) | 19.11 *** (5.97–61.15) | 17.69 *** (4.61–67.88) |
| >7 | 97 (5.8%) | 37 (38.1%) | 46.87 *** (13.91–157.84) | 39.63 *** (9.52–165.09) |
| Heart attack | ||||
| Yes | 22 (1.3%) | 10 (45.5%) | 7.34 *** (3.13–17.26) | 4.26 * (1.36–13.31) |
| No | 1688 (98.7%) | 172 (10.2%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| High blood pressure | ||||
| Yes | 197 (11.5%) | 51 (25.9%) | 3.69 *** (2.56–5.31) | 1.92 ** (1.18–3.15) |
| No | 1513 (88.5%) | 131 (8.7%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 42 (2.5%) | 14 (23.3%) | 4.46*** (2.30–8.65) | 1.49 (0.61–3.66) |
| No | 1668 (97.5%) | 168 (10.1%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
| Diet (Dietary Quality Score) | ||||
| Healthy dietary habits | 52 (3.0%) | 3 (5.8%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
| Average dietary habits | 108 (6.3%) | 10 (9.3%) | 1.67 (0.44–6.34) | |
| Unhealthy dietary habits | 1550 (90.7%) | 169 (10.9%) | 2.00 (0.62–6.49) |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Fully-adjusted model, including all statistically significant characteristics. Ref - reference; CI - confidence interval.