Table 3.
Working with the hands at or above shoulder level.
| Study; Outcome | Exposure Parameter | Calculation of Lifetime Hours | Cumulative Exposure (Lifetime Hours) | OR Adjusted for Non-Occupational Factors (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dalbøge et al. 2014 [7] * | Arm-Elevation-Years (1 Arm-Elevation-Year = Working with Elevated Arm(s) >90° for 0.5 h/day for 1 Year) | |||
| Outcome: subacromial impingement syndrome first-time surgery 2003-08 ICD-10: M19 or M75.1–M75.9. Men and women (n = 2,374,403 participants, of those 14,118 cases) | 0 | 0 h | 0 h | 1.0 - |
| >0–2 | 3 × 1 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 330 h | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | |
| >2–5 | 3 × 3.5 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 1155 h | 1.5 (1.5–1.6) | |
| >5–10 | 3 × 7.5 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 2475 h | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | |
| >10–56 | 3 × 15 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 4950 h | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) | |
| Svendsen 2017 [23] (Personal Communication; Same Results Given in Dalbøge et al. 2019a [24]) | ||||
| Outcome: rotator cuff lesion ICD10: M75.1. Men and women | 0 | 0 h | 0 h | 1.0 - |
| >0–2 | 3 × 1 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 330 h | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | |
| >2–5 | 3 × 3.5 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 1155 h | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | |
| >5–10 | 3 × 7.5 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 2475 h | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | |
| >10–56 | 3 × 15 × 0.5 h/day × 220 days | 4950 h | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | |
| Dalbøge et al. 2017 [16] ** | Arm-Elevation-Years (Calibrated into ‘Predicted Measured Job Exposures’, 1 Arm-Elevation-Year Adds 4.8 min to the Background Duration of 2.3 min per Day with the Arm Elevated >90°) | |||
| Outcome: subacromial impingement syndrome first-time surgery 2003-08 ICD-10: M19 or M75.1–M75.9. Men (n = 701 cases, 974 control subjects) | 0 | >0 h (background duration) | 0 h | 1.0 - |
| >0–10 (mean 3.7) | 3.6 × (3.7 × 7.1 min./day × 220 days)/60 min./h | 347 h | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | |
| >10–60 (mean 23.5) | 3.6 × (23.5 × 7.1 min./day × 220 days)/60 min./h | 2202 h | 2.3 (1.8–3.0) | |
| Women (n = 863 cases, 1260 control subjects) | 0 | >0 h (background duration | 0 h | 1.0 - |
| >0–10 (mean 4.1) | 3.4 × (4.1 × 7.1 min./day × 220 days)/60 min./h | 363 h | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | |
| >10–60 (mean 22.2) | 3.4 × (22.2 × 7.1 min./day × 220 days)/60 min./h | 1965 h | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | |
| Seidler et al. 2011a [3] | Cumulative Work Above Shoulder Level [Hrs.] | |||
| Outcome: supraspinatus lesion. Men(n = 483 cases, n = 300 control subjects) | No work above shoulder level | 0 h | 1.0 | |
| >0–<610 h (median 272 h)$ | 272 h | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | ||
| 610–<3195 h (median 1529 h)$ | 1529 h | 2.6 (1.6–4.2) | ||
| 3195–64,057 h (median 9965 h) $ | 9965 h | 4.1 (2.6–6.4) | ||
| Per 1000 h. work above shoulder level (based on continuous variable) | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) $ | |||
| Svendsen et al. 2004b [6] | Cumulative Duration (Month) of Upper Arm Elevation > 90° | |||
| Outcome: supraspinatus tendonitis. Men (n = 52 cases) | <10 | 5 × 20 days × 8 h | 800 h | 1.00 |
| 10–<20 | 15 × 20 days × 8 h | 2400 h | 0.95 (0.41–2.20) | |
| ≥20 | 30 × 20 days × 8 h | 4800 h | 2.33 (0.93–5.84) | |
* Dalbøge et al. 2014 [7] adjusted for time varying age (five categories), sex, region of residence (five regions), calendar year at start of follow up. ** Dalbøge et al. 2017 [16] individually matched on sex, date of birth, adjusted for BMI, smoking (PY), leisure time shoulder intensive sports, diabetes mellitus, psychosocial strain, region of residence and additionally adjusted for demands and control. $ own calculation; OR for continuous variable adjusted for age, region, apparatus gymnastics/shot put/javelin/hammer throwing/wrestling and tennis. ‡ MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.