Table 3.

Proposed synergistically mechanism of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic of phytochemicals class.

Molecular Target	Compound Class	Mechanisms
Enzyme (α-glucosidase, α-amylase) inhibition activity	Flavonoids, sterols, terpens	Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylases and glucose 6-phospatase, inhibit lipid peroxidation, stimulate insulin secretion, protective regeneration cell β function
Acetyl CoA activation	Cathechin	Inhibit lipid peroxidation, stimulate insulin secretion, protective regeneration cell β function, activate of AMPK, increase expression level of GLUT4 transporter
α-glucosidase inhibition activity	Saponins	Decrease insulin resistance and inhibits carbohydrates absorption, increase expression level of GLUT4 transporter, inhibition of glycogen phosphorylases and glucose 6-phospatase
Inhibition of mitochondrial function/stimulating of glycolysis	Berberine	Inhibit lipid peroxidation, stimulate insulin secretion, protective regeneration cell β function, activate of AMPK
Insulin sensitizising, α-amylase inhibition	Limonoids	–