Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals derived from multinomial logistic regression analyses examining individual-level associations between preventions and educational attainment and income both at baseline and over time, Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Study 1988–2012.
| Outcome 1: Blood Stool Testing without Colonoscopy |
Outcome 2: Colonoscopy without Blood Stool Testing |
Outcome 3: Both Blood Stool and Colonoscopy |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Intercepts | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Black | 1.100 | (1.042–1.161) | 1.064 | (1.013–1.117) | 1.037 | (0.973–1.106) |
| Hispanic | 0.760 | (0.709–0.814) | 0.979 | (0.917–1.044) | 0.665 | (0.608–0.727) |
| Pacific Islander | 0.569 | (0.496–0.653) | 0.687 | (0.601–0.786) | 0.327 | (0.27–0.396) |
| First Nations | 0.927 | (0.776–1.107) | 0.984 | (0.846–1.144) | 0.838 | (0.687–1.023) |
| Other | 0.797 | (0.647–0.982) | 0.804 | (0.669–0.967) | 0.646 | (0.504–0.828) |
| Don't Know/Refused | 0.923 | (0.785–1.085) | 1.094 | (0.948–1.263) | 0.806 | (0.697–0.931) |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary School | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Secondary School | 1.189 | (1.094–1.292) | 1.019 | (0.947–1.096) | 1.356 | (1.239–1.484) |
| High School Degree | 1.429 | (1.331–1.535) | 1.191 | (1.12–1.267) | 1.957 | (1.814–2.111) |
| University Degree | 1.646 | (1.525–1.777) | 1.538 | (1.439–1.643) | 2.822 | (2.605–3.059) |
| Income | ||||||
| Less than $35,000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| $35,000–50,000 | 1.064 | (1.024–1.106) | 1.126 | (1.087–1.167) | 1.339 | (1.283–1.399) |
| More than $50,000 |
1.245 |
(1.198–1.293) |
1.541 |
(1.49–1.594) |
1.823 |
(1.751–1.898) |
| Slopes | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Black | 0.984 | (0.976–0.992) | 0.998 | (0.992–1.004) | 0.991 | (0.983–1) |
| Hispanic | 0.963 | (0.953–0.974) | 0.997 | (0.989–1.005) | 0.967 | (0.955–0.978) |
| Pacific Islander | 0.977 | (0.956–0.998) | 1.008 | (0.993–1.024) | 1.028 | (1.005–1.052) |
| First Nations | 0.985 | (0.958–1.013) | 0.979 | (0.961–0.998) | 0.981 | (0.957–1.006) |
| Other | 0.993 | (0.958–1.029) | 0.995 | (0.969–1.021) | 0.994 | (0.959–1.03) |
| Don't Know/Refused | 1.011 | (0.991–1.032) | 0.983 | (0.966–0.999) | 1.004 | (0.988–1.021) |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary School | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Secondary School | 1.013 | (0.998–1.028) | 1.013 | (1.002–1.023) | 1.018 | (1.004–1.032) |
| High School Degree | 1.035 | (1.022–1.049) | 1.028 | (1.019–1.036) | 1.031 | (1.019–1.043) |
| University Degree | 1.034 | (1.019–1.048) | 1.030 | (1.021–1.04) | 1.033 | (1.021–1.046) |
| Income | ||||||
| Less than $35,000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| $35,000–50,000 | 1.013 | (1.007–1.019) | 1.023 | (1.018–1.028) | 1.011 | (1.005–1.018) |
| More than $50,000 | 0.998 | (0.992–1.004) | 1.014 | (1.01–1.019) | 1.002 | (0.997–1.007) |
| Sample size | 1,390,666 | |||||
| Pseudo-R2 | 0.091 | |||||
Note: Models also adjust for pre/post MSTF, year, pre/post MSTF x year, age, age2, sex, and integrate state-level random intercepts.