Table 2.

Risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular disease in liver transplant recipients

Risk factors	CV sequela post-LT	Risk prevention/management
Pretransplant CAD	CAD	Cardiac catheterization of high-risk liver transplant candidates Consideration of potentially more reliable, less invasive coronary screening tools (compared to stress testing) such as coronary CT
Diabetes mellitus	CAD Heart failure	Early detection and treatment including that of prediabetes
Hypertension	CAD Heart failure Atrial fibrillation	Adopting the new blood pressure goal of <130/80
Dyslipidemia	CAD	Treating patients with statin according to the ASCVD risk estimation Treating hypertriglyceridemia of >500 mg/dl
Weight gain	CAD Hypertension Diabetes mellitus	Lifestyle modifications Bariatric surgery Everolimus-based immunosuppression GLP-1 analogues in diabetic patients
Diastolic dysfunction (cirrhotic cardiomyopathy)	Heart failure Atrial fibrillation	Pre-LT identification Strict blood pressure control

ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CT, computed tomography, CV, cardiovascular; GLP-1, glucose like peptide-1; LT, liver transplantation.