. 2020 Mar 12;20:319. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8384-7

Table 3.

Summary of findings table Female condom + male condom compared to Male condom only for prevention of HIV an STIs Patient or population: prevention of HIV an STIs Intervention: Female condom + male condom Comparison: Male condom only

Outcome № of participants (studies)	Relative effect (95% CI)	Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI)	Certainty
HIV infection № of participants: 149 (1 RCT)	RR 0.07 (0.00 to 1.38)	6.0%	0.4% (0 to 8.3)	5.6% fewer (6 fewer to 2.3 more)	⨁⨁◯◯ LOW ^a
Any STI № of participants: 2232 (3 RCTs)	RR 0.74 (0.62 to 0.89)	24.9%	18.4% (15.5 to 22.2)	6.5% fewer (9.5 fewer to 2.7 fewer)	⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE ^b
Gonorrhoea № of participants: 790 (2 RCTs)	RR 0.59 (0.41 to 0.86)	15.2%	9.0% (6.2 to 13.1)	6.2% fewer (9 fewer to 2.1 fewer)	⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH
Chlamydia № of participants: 790 (2 RCTs)	RR 0.67 (0.47 to 0.94)	16.0%	10.7% (7.5 to 15)	5.3% fewer (8.5 fewer to 1 fewer)	⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH
Trichomonas № of participants: 790 (2 RCTs)	RR 1.01 (0.63 to 1.60)	8.0%	8.1% (5 to 12.8)	0.1% more (3 fewer to 4.8 more)	⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE ^a
Genital ulcer disease № of participants: 457 (1 RCT)	RR 4.72 (0.23 to 97.87)	0.0%	0.0% (0 to 0)	0.0% fewer (0 fewer to 0 fewer)	⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE ^a

Outcome № of participants
(studies)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI)

Certainty

Difference

HIV infection

№ of participants: 149

(1 RCT)

RR 0.07

(0.00 to 1.38)

6.0%

0.4%

(0 to 8.3)

5.6% fewer

(6 fewer to 2.3 more)

⨁⨁◯◯

LOW ^a

Any STI

№ of participants: 2232

(3 RCTs)

RR 0.74

(0.62 to 0.89)

24.9%

18.4%

(15.5 to 22.2)

6.5% fewer

(9.5 fewer to 2.7 fewer)

⨁⨁⨁◯

MODERATE ^b

Gonorrhoea

№ of participants: 790

(2 RCTs)

RR 0.59

(0.41 to 0.86)

15.2%

9.0%

(6.2 to 13.1)

6.2% fewer

(9 fewer to 2.1 fewer)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

HIGH

Chlamydia

№ of participants: 790

(2 RCTs)

RR 0.67

(0.47 to 0.94)

16.0%

10.7%

(7.5 to 15)

5.3% fewer

(8.5 fewer to 1 fewer)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

HIGH

Trichomonas

№ of participants: 790

(2 RCTs)

RR 1.01

(0.63 to 1.60)

8.0%

8.1%

(5 to 12.8)

0.1% more

(3 fewer to 4.8 more)

⨁⨁⨁◯

MODERATE ^a

Genital ulcer disease

№ of participants: 457

(1 RCT)

RR 4.72 (0.23 to 97.87)

0.0%

(0 to 0)

0.0% fewer

(0 fewer to 0 fewer)

⨁⨁⨁◯

MODERATE ^a

CI Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence

High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect

Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different

Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect

Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect

Explanations

^aIncludes only one study with small sample size and wide confidence intervals

^bHigh risk of selection bias due to lack of proper randomization in one of the trials