Table 2.
Class size and profile of classified medication pattern in reports with psychiatric medications during pregnancy
| Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class sizea | 23.3% | 17.2% | 15.2% | 11.1% | 11.0% | 5.7% | 4.5% | 3.9% | 3.6% | 2.6% | 2.0% |
| Number of reports | n=2417 | n=1789 | n=1582 | n=1153 | n=1143 | n=590 | n=463 | n=404 | n=373 | n=272 | n=203 |
| Hypnotics and sedatives, antianxietics | |||||||||||
| Alprazolam | 0.8% | 13.6% | 9.9% | 11.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.0% | 2.5% |
| Lorazepam | 0.2% | 9.0% | 3.2% | 11.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.9% | 27.1% |
| Zolpidem tartrate | 0.7% | 9.8% | 1.6% | 14.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 15.8% |
| Diazepam | 0.5% | 4.4% | 1.4% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.5% |
| Antiepileptics | |||||||||||
| Lamotrigine | 10.5% | 7.2% | 5.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 45.1% | 11.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 46.8% |
| Levetiracetam | 7.3% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 30.3% | 61.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 2.2% | 2.5% |
| Clonazepam | 1.6% | 11.0% | 6.1% | 11.8% | 0.0% | 8.3% | 11.4% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 48.8% |
| Gabapentin | 0.0% | 18.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 1.0% |
| Topiramate | 4.3% | 9.8% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 58.3% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Divalproex sodium | 11.1% | 2.4% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 3.9% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
| Carbamazepine | 2.5% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 5.5% | 0.0% | 30.5% | 7.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 1.5% |
| Valproate sodium | 3.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% | 23.2% | 2.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
| Vigabatrin | 4.9% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 19.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Antidepressant | |||||||||||
| Paroxetine hydrochloride | 0.0% | 4.9% | 8.2% | 18.9% | 100.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Sertraline hydrochloride | 9.9% | 9.9% | 14.6% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 99.7% | 0.4% | 21.2% |
| Duloxetine hydrochloride | 12.9% | 9.1% | 11.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 19.2% |
| Fluoxetine hydrochloride | 0.0% | 14.3% | 12.4% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Escitalopram oxalate | 3.8% | 9.4% | 8.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 13.7% | 0.0% | 6.4% |
| Venlafaxine hydrochloride | 1.3% | 11.9% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 8.4% |
| Bupropion hydrochloride | 0.0% | 9.2% | 4.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.4% | 0.4% | 13.3% |
| Trazodone hydrochloride | 0.0% | 9.7% | 2.7% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.7% | 9.4% |
| Antipsychotic agent | |||||||||||
| Aripiprazole | 0.0% | 3.6% | 23.6% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 96.1% |
| Risperidone | 2.9% | 1.0% | 5.1% | 10.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 24.6% |
| Olanzapine | 5.1% | 1.5% | 5.2% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 4.4% |
| Quetiapine fumarate | 0.9% | 3.8% | 4.0% | 7.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 22.7% |
| Other drugs | |||||||||||
| Vitamins | 0.0% | 25.3% | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 15.8% | 0.0% | 45.6% | 0.0% | 7.4% |
| Folic acid | 0.0% | 9.7% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 26.6% | 13.2% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.4% | 3.0% |
| Paracetamol | 0.0% | 17.6% | 0.3% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 13.4% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Oxybate sodium | 0.0% | 19.4% | 2.5% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Ibuprofen | 0.0% | 14.5% | 0.3% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 10.2% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
| Colecalciferol | 0.0% | 14.6% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Ondansetron hydrochloride | 0.0% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 9.9% | 0.4% | 13.3% |
| Levothyroxine sodium | 0.0% | 9.4% | 0.6% | 1.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 5.4% |
| Prednisone | 0.0% | 10.6% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.8% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
| Acetaminophen/hydrocodone bitartrate | 0.0% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
| Number of exposed drugs | |||||||||||
| 1 | 98.8% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 88.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 12.5% | 0.0% |
| 2 | 1.2% | 0.0% | 51.8% | 0.2% | 7.4% | 60.2% | 14.0% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 27.2% | 0.0% |
| 3 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 34.8% | 8.7% | 4.3% | 28.3% | 27.4% | 0.0% | 8.3% | 27.2% | 0.0% |
| 4≤ | 0.0% | 100.0% | 13.2% | 91.2% | 0.0% | 11.5% | 58.5% | 0.0% | 86.6% | 33.1% | 100.0% |
aThe percentage of class size was calculated using total number of reports including JADER and FAERS-US
The percentage of each medication was calculated using number of reports (small n) for each class as denominator