Table 1.
A summary of the 14 including RCT studies with medication interventions assessing the restricted/repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders patients
| Study | Participants (Age range) | Participants sex distribution | Participants Race | Sample size | Diagnostic criteria | Intervention | Comparison | Intervention vs placebo | Assessment scales | Result | Included in metaanalysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McDougle et. al., 1996 [30] | 18- 53 | 27 male /3 female | Not reported | 30 | ICD10 | fluvoxamine 15 (50 - 300mg/day) | Placebo | 15vs15 | Y-BOCS | positive | Included |
| McDougle et.al.,1998 [31] | 18-43 | 22 male/9 female | 6 African Americans, 24 whites, and 1 Hispanic | 31 | DSM-IV-TR | risperidone,15 (1-10 mg/day) | Placebo | 15vs16 | Y-BOCS | positive | Included |
| Hollander et. al., 2005 [32] | 5–16 | 30 male -9 female | 57% of the subjects were Caucasian, 23% Black, 15% Hispanic and 5% Asian | 39 | DSM-IV-TR | Fluoxetine,20 (0.8 mg/kg/day) | Placebo | 20vs19 | Y-BOCS | negative | Included |
| Hollander et.al., 2006 [33] | 5-17 (one is 40) | Not reported | Eight of the subjects were Caucasian, two were African American, two were Asian and one was Hispanic | 13 | DSM-IV-TR | Divalproex sodium,9 (125 mg/d) | Placebo | 9vs4 | CY-BOCS | positive | |
| Wasserman et.al., 2006 [34] | 5–17 | 17 male /3 female | 50% Caucasian, 35% African American, 5% Asian, and 10% Hispanic. | 20 | DSM-IV-TR | levetiracetam, 10 (125 - 250mg/day) | Placebo | 10vs10 | CY-BOCS | negative | |
| Hollander et. al., 2006 [35] | 14-6 | 9 male /2 female | 7 Caucasian, 1 Hispanic, 1 Asian, and 2 African American | 11 | DSM-IV-TR | Olanzapine,6 (2.5-20 mg/day) | Placebo | 6vs5 | CY-BOCS | negative | |
| King et. al., 2009 [36] | 17-5 | 128 male/21 female | White 108 Black 17 Asian 14 Other 11 | 149 | DSM-IV-TR | Citalopram,73 2.5-20mg/d.) | Placebo | 73vs76 | CY-BOCS | negative | Included |
| Anagnostou. et. al., 2012 [37] | mean(33.2 ±13.3) | 16 male /3 female | Caucasian 14 Black 1 Hispanic 1 Asian 1 other 1 | 19 | DSM-IV-TR | Oxytocin,10 (4 8IU/d) | Placebo | 10vs9 | Y-BOCS&RBS-R | RBS-R low prder 0.045 | Included |
| Hardan et. al., 2012 [38] | 3.2–10.7 | 2 male /31 female | not clear | 33 | DSM-IV-TR | NAcetylcysteine, 15 (900-2700 mg/day) | Placebo | 15vs18 | Y-BOCS&RBS-R | RBS-R stereotypies 0.014 | Included |
| Hollander et al., 2012 [39] | 18-60 | 26 male /11 female | 57% of the subjects were Caucasian, 23% Black, 15% Hispanic and 5% Asian | 37 | DSM-IV-TR | fluoxetine, 22 (10-80mg/day) | Placebo | 22vs15 | CY-BOCS | positive | Included |
| Kent et. al.,2012 [40] | 5 -17 | 12 male /84 female | White 67 Black 19 Asian 7 Other 3 | 96 | DSM-IV-TR | Risperidone (0.125 mg/day [20 to\45 kg], 0.175 mg/day [[45 kg]), 20 Risperidone (high dose1.25 mg/day [20 to \45 kg], 1.75 mg/day [[45 kg])),31 | Placebo | 20vs31vs35 | ABC&CYBOCS | positive | |
| Diane C. Chugani et al. 2016 [41] | 2 -<6 | 137 male/29 female | American Indian or Alaskan 1 Asian 2 black 51 hawaiian white 97 other 12 | 166 | DSM-IV-TR | Buspirone (2.5 mg/Ml, low dose),54 Buspirone (5 mg/Ml, high dose),55 | Placebo | 54vs55vs57 | Y-BOCS&RBS | positive | Included |
| Dean et al., 2017 [42] | 3-9 | 79 male/19 female | Australia and Anglo-Saxon | 102 | DSM-IV-TR | N-acetyl cysteine,51 (500 - 2000mg/day) | Placebo | 51vs51 | RBS-R | negative | Included |
| Parker et. al., 2017 [43] | 6–12 | 27 male /5 female | Caucasian Asian | 32 | DSM-IV-TR | oxytocin, 14 (18-24IU/d) | Placebo | 14vs18 | RBS-R | negative | Included |
ASD autism spectrum disorder, DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV text revision, ICD-10 International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, RBS-R Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised, Y-BOCS Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, CY-BOCS Children Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale