Fig. 4.

Rapamycin modulates endothelial cell morphological features. a Representative photos of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) at 72 h in Fig. 1a. b Real-time PCR analysis of endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) markers using cDNA derived from HCAECs at 72 h in Fig. 1a. The results are shown after normalization to values obtained from control HCAECs (value = 1). Results are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. ^ap < 0.05 vs. the Ctr and ^bp < 0.05 vs. the H₂O₂-treated HCAECs. Control (Ctr): untreated cells