Fig. 2.

DCA reduced NE-induced host inflammatory response. Cohorts of broiler chickens were fed with different doses of DCA and infected as in Fig. 1. a Ileal Infγ, Mmp9, Il17A, Il22 and Il23 mRNA fold changes relative to uninfected birds and normalized to Gapdh.b Representative TUNNEL assay images showing epithelial (Arrow) and immune cell cell apoptosis (arrow head). Scale bar is 10 μm. All graphs depict mean ± SEM. * indicates P < 0.05. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments