Table 4.
Uni- and multivariate analysis for poor disease specific survival
| Factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| Patient age (≥70 years) | 0.742 (0.385–1.430) | 0.373 | ||
| Gender (male) | 0.779 (0.408–1.486) | 0.779 | ||
| Pre-operative CEA level (≥ 5 ng/ml) | 2.071 (1.021–4.199) | 0.044 | 0.531 (0.241–1.319) | 0.173 |
| Pre-operative CA 19–9 level (≥ 100 U/ml) | 1.479 (0.767–2.852) | 0.243 | ||
| Histological grade: G3 | 3.350 (1.514–7.414) | 0.003 | 1.145 (0.433–3.025) | 0.785 |
| T stage: T4 | 2.366 (1.258–4.452) | 0.008 | 1.221 (0.598–2.492) | 0.584 |
| N stage: N1 or N2 | 2.111 (1.115–3.994) | 0.022 | 2.354 (1.010–5.487) | 0.047 |
| M stage: M1 | 9.524 (3.434–26.411) | < 0.001 | 1.655 (0.481–5.689) | 0.424 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 7.654 (2.349–24.937) | 0.001 | 5.307 (1.530–18.413) | 0.009 |
| Perinueral invasion | 28.161 (0.546–1451.390) | 0.097 | ||
| Non-curative resection | 2.792 (1.471–5.299) | 0.002 | 2.456 (1.116–5.408) | 0.026 |
| High TB | 4.493 (2.276–8.870) | < 0.001 | 5.206 (1.985–13.655) | 0.001 |
Regional lymph node metastasis, lyphovascular invasion, non-curative resection, and High TB were identified as independent poor prognostic factors for DSS