Table 2.
Univariate analysis of factors for recurrence of CSDH
| Variables | Recurrence | No recurrence | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 60(%) | 388(%) | |
| Gender | 0.057 | ||
| Male | 53 (88.3) | 301 (77.6) | |
| Female | 7 (11.7) | 87 (22.4) | |
| Age (years) | 0.576 | ||
| < 70 | 30 (50) | 209 (53.9) | |
| ≥ 70 | 30 (50) | 179 (46.1) | |
| Head trauma event | 35 (58.3) | 260 (67.0) | 0.187 |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 25 (41.7) | 147 (37.9) | 0.575 |
| Diabetes | 10 (16.7) | 49 (12.6) | 0.389 |
| Heart disease | 10 (16.7) | 37 (9.5) | 0.093 |
| Cerebral infarction | 5 (8.3) | 23 (5.9) | 0.404 |
| Renal failure dialysis | 1 (1.7) | 2 (0.5) | 0.351 |
| Antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs | |||
| Antiplatelet drugs | 6 (10.0) | 26 (6.7) | 0.415 |
| Anticoagulant drugs | 5 (8.3) | 10 (2.6) | 0.038 |
| The main symptoms | |||
| Headache | 26 (43.3) | 176 (45.4) | 0.769 |
| Dizziness | 17 (28.3) | 122 (31.4) | 0.628 |
| Motor weakness | 32 (53.3) | 221 (57.0) | 0.598 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2 (3.3) | 29 (7.5) | 0.408 |
| Speech impairment | 3 (5.0) | 14 (3.6) | 0.486 |
| Unsteady gait | 2 (3.3) | 6 (1.5) | 0.292 |
| Incontinence | 1 (1.7) | 10 (2.6) | 1.000 |
| Memory decline | 1 (1.7) | 13 (3.4) | 0.704 |
| GCS at admission | 0.566 | ||
| 15 | 53 (88.3) | 332 (85.6) | |
| 3–14 | 7 (11.7) | 56 (14.4) | |
| Operation side | P < 0.001 | ||
| Unilateral hematoma | 26 (43.3) | 270 (69.6) | |
| Bilateral hematoma | 34 (56.7) | 118 (30.4) | |
| Radiological characteristics | |||
| Midline shift | 0.975 | ||
| < 10 mm | 39 (65.0) | 253 (65.2) | |
| ≥ 10 mm | 21 (35.0) | 135 (34.8) | |
| Preoperative maximal thickness | 0.154 | ||
| < 20 mm | 9 (15.0) | 90 (23.2) | |
| ≥ 20 mm | 51 (85.0) | 298 (76.8) | |
| Hematoma density | 0.009 | ||
| Hyper-dense | 29 (48.3) | 104 (26.8) | |
| Hypo-dense | 7 (11.7) | 64 (16.5) | |
| Mixed density | 21 (35.0) | 189 (48.7) | |
| Iso-dense | 3 (5.0) | 31 (8.0) | |
| Treatment | |||
| Atorvastatin perioperatively | 31 (51.7) | 140 (36.1) | 0.021 |
| Anesthesia | 0.982 | ||
| Local | 27 (45.0) | 174 (44.8) | |
| General | 33 (55.0) | 214 (55.2) | |
| Intraoperative irrigation | 49 (81.7) | 327 (84.3) | 0.608 |
| Injection urokinase after operation | 3 (5.0) | 9 (2.3) | 0.208 |
| Duration of drainage, day | 0.842 | ||
| 1 | 9 (15.0) | 54 (14.0) | |
| 2 | 42 (70.0) | 264 (68.0) | |
| ≥ 3 | 9 (15.0) | 70 (18.0) | |
| Complications | |||
| Fever | 5 (8.3) | 64 (16.5) | 0.103 |
| Irritability | 4 (6.7) | 15 (3.9) | 0.303 |
| Poor wound healing | 1 (1.7) | 0 | – |
| Seizure | 1 (1.7) | 1 (0.26) | 0.250 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 0 | 1 (0.26) | – |
| AIH | 0 | 23 (5.9) | – |
| Hospitalization time, mean ± SD, days | 14.0 ± 6.4 | 14.0 ± 5.4 | 0.905 |
GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, AIH Acute intracranial hemorrhage