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. 2020 Mar 13;14:8. doi: 10.1186/s13036-020-0227-7

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 17 — a Chemical structure of the alginate sulfate and nanocellulose. Incorporation of the two biomaterials generates an ideal bioink which is appropriate for the 3D bioprinting of complex constructs. Here a miniature size eare was 3D bioprinted (scale bar is 5 mm). b and c Viability assessment of chondrocytes and Live/dead staining of bovine chondrocytes respectively, encapsulated in alginate and alginate sulfate with or without nanocelloluse after 1, 14 and 28 days of culture. The scale bar is 100 μm