Table 1.
Baseline demographics and medical history
| Summary measure | |||
| Intervention (n=31) | Active control (n=30) | Usual care (n=29) | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 34.8 (9.9) | 35.7 (5.7) | 35.0 (8.6) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 (7.0) | 26.2 (5.5) | 26.6 (6.3) |
| Living arrangements—n (%) | |||
| Alone | 1 (3.3) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11.1) |
| With others | 29 (96.7) | 25 (92.6) | 24 (88.9) |
| Employment status—n (%) | |||
| Employed | 19 (63.3) | 18 (66.7) | 19 (67.9) |
| Unemployed and looking for work | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) |
| At school or in full time education | 2 (6.7) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (14.3) |
| Unable to work due to long term sickness | 4 (13.3) | 5 (18.5) | 1 (3.6) |
| Looking after your home/family | 3 (10.0) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (7.1) |
| Retired from paid work | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) |
| Age left full time education—n (%) | |||
| Age 12 or less | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.6) |
| Age 13–16 | 9 (30.0) | 4 (15.4) | 3 (10.7) |
| Age 17–19 | 6 (20.0) | 5 (19.2) | 3 (10.7) |
| Age 20 or over | 11 (36.7) | 15 (57.7) | 16 (57.1) |
| Still in education | 3 (10.0) | 1 (3.8) | 5 (17.9) |
| Ethnic group—n (%) | |||
| White | 10 (35.7) | 10 (43.5) | 15 (53.6) |
| Black | 6 (21.4) | 4 (17.4) | 3 (10.7) |
| Central Asian | 1 (3.6) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Middle Eastern | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) |
| Southern Asian | 8 (28.6) | 7 (30.4) | 3 (10.7) |
| Mixed | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.1) |
| Other ethnic group | 2 (7.1) | 1 (4.3) | 3 (10.7) |
| Do not wish to say | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) |
| Smoker—n (%) | |||
| Yes | 8 (27.6) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (21.4) |
| No | 21 (72.4) | 21 (87.5) | 22 (78.6) |
| If yes, number of cigarettes per week | 23.9 (20.3) | 40.0 (20.0) | 47.6 (35.6) |
| Drink alcohol—n (%) | |||
| Yes | 10 (34.5) | 9 (36.0) | 15 (55.6) |
| No | 19 (65.5) | 16 (64.0) | 12 (44.4) |
| If yes, number of units per week | 5.7 (5.3) | 8.3 (4.7) | 7.7 (7.2) |
| Baseline medical history | |||
| Duration of pain—n (%) | |||
| 0–6 months | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 7–12 months | 2 (6.7) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (7.1) |
| 1–2 years | 3 (10.0) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (17.9) |
| 3–5 years | 13 (43.3) | 7 (25.9) | 6 (21.4) |
| 6–10 years | 4 (13.3) | 4 (14.8) | 3 (10.7) |
| More than 10 years | 6 (20.0) | 7 (25.9) | 12 (42.9) |
| Pain over the past week (scale of 0–10) | 6.9 (2.3) | 5.8 (2.8) | 6.8 (2.3) |
Figures are mean (SD) unless stated otherwise.