Table 1. Optimization of the organocatalytic conjugate addition under solvent-free flow conditions a .
| |||||
# b | Malonate (equiv.) | Flow rate (μL min-1) | T (°C) | Conv. c (%) | ee d (%) |
1 | 9 | 100 e | 50 | 91 | 98 |
2 | 3 | 100 e | 50 | 81 | 98 |
3 | 3 | 100 e | 60 | 89 | 97 |
4 | 3 | 100 e | 70 | 94 | 95 |
5 | 2 | 70 f | 60 | 93 | 97 |
6 | 2 | 50 g | 60 | 94 | 97 |
7 | 2 | 20 h | 60 | 99 | 95 |
a1 equiv. 4-fluorocinnamaldehyde, 0.6 equiv. AcOH as additive, 1 g catalyst 4 in Omnifit® column, solvent-free.
bNo side product formation, chemoselectivity was 100% in all reactions.
cDetermined by 1H-NMR analysis of the crude product.
dDetermined by chiral HPLC.
e t r= 14 min.
f t r= 20 min.
g t r= 28 min.
h t r= 70 min.