Table II.
Characteristics of study participants by potato consumption and its influence on cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors
| Parameter | Potato consumption1 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 servings2/day (n = 11369) | < 1 serving/day (n = 8856) | 1–2 serving(s)/day (n = 4631) | ||
| Body mass index [kg/m2] | 28.8 ±0.1 | 28.7 ±0.1 | 28.9 ±0.1 | 0.143 |
| Waist circumference [cm] | 97.2 ±0.4 | 98.7 ±0.3 | 99.5 ±0.4 | < 0.001 |
| apVAT* | 180.2 ±3.4 | 180.7 ±2.5 | 179.8 ±2.6 | 0.283 |
| Systolic blood pressure [mm Hg] | 122.1 ±0.3 | 122.9 ±0.4 | 123.5 ±0.3 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure [mm Hg] | 68.2 ±0.4 | 68.9 ±0.39 | 69.3 ±0.3 | < 0.001 |
| TG [mg/dl] | 153.3 ±3.5 | 154.6 ±2.7 | 157.0 ±4.1 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C [mg/dl] | 53.6 ±0.4 | 53.1 ±0.4 | 52.6 ±0.3 | < 0.001 |
| TG to HDL-C ratio | 3.52 ±0.1 | 3.59 ±0.09 | 3.85 ±0.1 | < 0.001 |
| FBG [mg/dl] | 99.1 ±0.6 | 99.9 ±0.7 | 100.1 ±0.8 | 0.142 |
| Insulin | 13.4 ±0.2 | 13.5 ±0.2 | 14.2 ±0.3 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.75 ±0.03 | 0.91 ±0.03 | 1.09 ±0.02 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-β | 151.2 ±4.2 | 158.2 ±5.9 | 154.3 ±8.8 | 0.086 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.64 ±0.02 | 5.65 ±0.02 | 5.64 ±0.02 | 0.436 |
| TG to FBG ratio | 8.43 ±0.01 | 8.72 ±0.01 | 8.52 ±0.02 | 0.246 |
| CRP [mg/dl] | 0.35 ±0.01 | 0.38 ±0.01 | 0.38 ±0.01 | 0.125 |
| Apolipoprotein B [mg/dl] | 0.94 ±0.01 | 0.93 ±0.01 | 0.94 ±0.01 | 0.539 |
| LAP | 68.2 ±1.2 | 69.3 ±2.0 | 71.4 ±1.9 | < 0.001 |
| VAI | 2.50 ±0.02 | 2.56 ±0.01 | 2.53 ±0.02 | 0.436 |
Adjusted (for age, gender, race, education, marital status, poverty to income ratio, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary fat, carbohydrates, saturated fat, protein and dietary fiber) means were compared across potato consumption by using analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA).
Potato in the diet included baked, boiled, fried, hash-browned, home-fried, mashed, roasted, scalloped, stuffed, with sauce, potato salad, and potato chips.
One serving consisted of 30–149 g and two servings consisted of at least 150 g. HOMA-IR – homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-β – homeostatic model assessment of B-cell function, LAP – lipid accumulation product, VAI – visceral adiposity index, apVAT – anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue, TG – triglyceride: FBG – fasting blood glucose, HDL-C – high density lipoprotein cholesterol, CRP – C-reactive protein, HbA1c – glycated hemoglobin.