Figure 5.

Callose content, enzyme activity, and fold-change in the expression of related genes involved in the callose synthesis and degradation for two tomato genotypes grown under ambient O₃ (AO₃) and elevated O₃ (EO₃) with and without B. tabaci infestation. (A) Callose content, (B) callose synthase activity, (C) relative expression of Cals 11 gene, (D) relative expression of Cals 12 gene, (E) beta-1,3 glucanase activity, and (F) relative expression of beta-1,3 glucanase gene. Each value represents the average (± SE) of four OTCs (eight plants for each genotype per OTC). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the combinations of B. tabaci treatment and O₃ concentrations within the same genotype. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between genotypes within the same O₃ treatment and B. tabaci treatment, as determined by Tukey's multiple range test at P < 0.05.