Table 1.
Subject Characteristics
| All (n = 94) | CHF (n = 58) | COPD (n = 36) |
P-value CHF vs COPD |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 80 ± 8 (65–100) | 83 ± 7 (65–100) | 75 ± 6 (65–86) | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 51 (54) | 29 (50) | 22 (61) | n.s. |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 12 (13) | 2 (3) | 10 (29) | <0.001 |
| Ex-smokers, n (%) | 56 (60) | 31 (54) | 25 (71) | |
| Never smokers, n (%) | 25 (27) | 25 (43) | 0 (0) | |
| Pack-year | 19 ± 21 (0–100) | 8 ± 13 (0–59) | 38 ± 19 (1–100) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 26 ± 6 (12–43) | 27 ± 5 (16–43) | 24 ± 6 (12–41) | <0.01 |
| SAT (%) | 93 ± 5 (70–99) | 95 ± 3 (82–99) | 90 ± 6 (70–98) | <0.001 |
| Subjects on LTOT, n (%) | 7 (7) | 0 (0) | 7 (19) | |
| CCI, mean (SD) | 4.3 (2.3) | 4.9 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| CCI, n (%) | ||||
| 0–1 | 9 (10) | 4 (7) | 5 (14) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 13 (14) | 4 (7) | 9 (25) | |
| 3 | 19 (20) | 7 (12) | 12 (33) | |
| ≥4 | 53 (56) | 43 (74) | 10 (28) | |
| Subjects with COPD, n (%) | 53 (56) | 17 (29) | 36 (100) | |
| FEV1 (% predicted), COPD subjects only | 46 ± 19 (13–96) | 58 ± 18 (23–96) | 39 ± 15 (13–79) | <0.001 |
| GOLD stage, n (%) | ||||
| I-II | 16 (30) | 13 (76) | 3 (8) | <0.001 |
| III | 10 (19) | 3 (18) | 7 (20) | |
| IV | 27 (51) | 1 (6) | 26 (72) | |
| GOLD grade, n (%) | ||||
| A-B | 7 (13) | 6 (35) | 1 (3) | <0.001 |
| C | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| D | 46 (87) | 11 (65) | 35 (97) | |
| Subjects with CHF, n (%) | 80 (85) | 58 (100) | 22 (61) | |
| NYHA-class, n (%) | ||||
| 3 | 66 (82) | 46 (79) | 20 (91) | n.s. |
| 4 | 14 (18) | 12 (21) | 2 (9) |
Notes: Results are presented as means ± 1 S.D. (range) for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. P-values are from Chi-square test and Student’s t-test (unpaired).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; NYHA, New York Heart Association Functional Class; SAT, blood oxygen saturation; yrs, years; N.s., not significant (p-value ≥ 0.05).