Table 5.
Significant Correlations of Measures of Healthcare Dependency and HRQoL Variables
| EQ-5D | RAND-36 | MLHFQ | SGRQ | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | VAS | PF | RP | BP | GH | VT | SF | RE | MH | Score | Phys. | Emot. | Symp. | Act. | Imp. | Total | |
| Exacerbations | −0.12 | −0.17 | −0.10 | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.35** | −0.06 | −0.12 | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.10 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
| Alarms; patient-reported values were outside predetermined limits | −0.15 | −0.21* | −0.18 | −0.22* | −0.17 | −0.31** | −0.10 | −0.23* | −0.22* | −0.16 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.23 |
| Alarms; all SMS | −0.12 | −0.15 | −0.14 | −0.18 | −0.18 | −0.27** | −0.11 | −0.19 | −0.22* | −0.17 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.16 |
| Hospitalizations (previous year) | −0.10 | 0.03 | −0.20 | 0.07 | −0.07 | −0.01 | −0.09 | 0.03 | −0.14 | −0.11 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.01 | −0.09 | −0.12 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Hospitalizations (study year) | −0.19 | −0.05 | −0.17 | −0.17 | −0.16 | −0.03 | −0.10 | −0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.26 |
| Emergency care | −0.13 | 0.01 | −0.13 | −0.14 | −0.05 | −0.04 | −0.12 | −0.06 | −0.07 | 0.04 | −0.15 | −0.18 | −0.21 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.26 |
| Primary care | 0.10 | −0.07 | 0.15 | 0.05 | −0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.07 | −0.01 | −0.35* | −0.30 | −0.27 | −0.33 |
| Other outpatient care | 0.03 | −0.08 | −0.08 | −0.13 | −0.13 | −0.13 | 0.01 | −0.06 | −0.21* | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.03 | −0.07 | −0.25 | −0.09 | 0.04 | −0.06 |
| Healthcare by HBHC; | |||||||||||||||||
| P.R.N. medications | −0.24* | −0.17 | −0.16 | −0.15 | −0.23* | −0.21* | −0.09 | −0.21* | −0.14 | −0.03 | 0.26 | 0.26* | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.29 |
| Changed prescriptions | −0.13 | −0.18 | −0.10 | −0.11 | −0.10 | −0.29** | −0.15 | −0.12 | −0.07 | −0.10 | 0.28* | 0.34** | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| HBHC phone calls by nurse | −0.25* | −0.17 | −0.21* | −0.27** | −0.26* | −0.29** | −0.24* | −0.25* | −0.27* | −0.25* | 0.38** | 0.39** | 0.26* | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.25 |
| HBHC phone calls by physician | −0.10 | −0.22* | −0.05 | −0.17 | −0.22* | −0.32** | −0.16 | −0.22* | −0.24* | −0.16 | 0.34* | 0.29* | 0.27* | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.19 |
| HBHC phone calls by physiotherapist | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.08 | −0.05 | −0.08 | −0.05 | −0.13 | −0.08 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.22 |
| HBHC phone calls by dietician | −0.25* | −0.29** | −0.12 | −0.13 | −0.19 | −0.29** | −0.13 | −0.16 | −0.07 | −0.07 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.30 |
| HBHC phone calls by curator | −0.15 | −0.22* | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.19 | −0.23* | −0.10 | −0.23* | −0.27** | −0.28** | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.12 | −0.02 | −0.03 | 0.14 | 0.08 |
| Total HBHC phone calls | −0.27* | −0.21* | −0.19 | −0.23* | −0.25* | −0.27* | −0.22* | −0.25* | −0.27* | −0.22* | 0.40** | 0.40** | 0.33* | 0.31 | 0.10 | 0.36* | 0.32 |
| HBHC home visit by nurse | −0.16 | −0.13 | −0.13 | −0.13 | −0.10 | −0.21* | −0.10 | −0.10 | −0.05 | −0.05 | 0.26 | 0.32* | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
| HBHC home visit by physician | −0.28** | −0.27** | −0.23* | −0.18 | −0.20 | −0.36** | −0.27** | −0.20 | −0.17 | −0.18 | 0.35** | 0.38** | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.37* | 0.34 |
| HBHC home visit by physiotherapist | −0.21* | −0.19 | −0.17 | −0.31** | −0.21* | −0.26* | −0.27** | −0.22* | −0.20 | −0.14 | 0.28* | 0.30* | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.37* | 0.35* |
| HBHC home visit by curator | −0.24* | −0.23* | −0.15 | −0.09 | −0.22* | −0.28** | −0.15 | −0.28** | −0.28** | −0.33** | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| HBHC home visit by dietician | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.09 | −0.04 | −0.11 | −0.21* | −0.19 | −0.08 | 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | −0.03 | −0.01 | 0.13 | 0.08 |
| Total HBHC home visits | −0.19 | −0.17 | −0.16 | −0.16 | −0.14 | −0.26* | −0.15 | −0.13 | −0.09 | −0.09 | 0.30* | 0.36** | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
| Healthcare costs; | |||||||||||||||||
| Hospitalizations (study year) | −0.09 | −0.01 | −0.13 | −0.18 | −0.13 | −0.05 | −0.13 | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.06 | −0.03 | −0.12 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.03 |
| Emergency care | −0.18 | −0.04 | −0.15 | −0.15 | −0.08 | −0.07 | −0.17 | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.01 | −0.08 | −0.13 | −0.19 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.25 |
| Primary care | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.35* | −0.32 | −0.26 | −0.32 |
| Other outpatient care | 0.13 | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.07 | −0.14 | 0.07 | −0.04 | −0.08 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.02 | −0.07 | −0.40* | 0.01 | −0.10 | −0.15 |
| HBHC | −0.21* | −0.22* | −0.19 | −0.17 | −0.15 | −0.30** | −0.18 | −0.16 | −0.11 | −0.11 | 0.34* | 0.39** | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.20 |
| Total cost | −0.17 | −0.14 | −0.20 | −0.23* | −0.18 | −0.21* | −0.18 | −0.13 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
Notes: Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated for normally distributed continuous variables; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
Abbreviations: BP, bodily pain; CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GH, general health; HBHC, specialized hospital-based home care; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; MH, mental health; PF, physical functioning; P.R.N., as-needed; RE, role-emotional; RP, role-physical; SF, social functioning; SGRQ, St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire; VT, vitality.