Table 2. Clinical and radiographic characteristics of peri-implant tissues in relation to peri-implant health and disease.
| Total | Health | Peri-implant mucositis | Peri-implantitis | p -Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: BOP, bleeding on probing; PD, probing depth; SD, standard deviation. a Pearson’s Chi-square test. b Kruskal–Wallis test. c p < 0.01 different from peri-implant mucositis, Mann–Whitney U test. | |||||
| Jaw of placement (%) | |||||
| Maxilla | 43.8 | 41.7 | 37.8 | 47.6 | 0.11 b |
| Mandible | 56.2 | 58.3 | 62.2 | 52.4 | 0.20 b |
| Mean function time (mo) ± SD | 53.5 ± 36.7 | 40.8 ± 20.1 | 42.1 ± 30.8 | 61.2 ± 38.9 | 0.31 b |
| BOP (%) | 631 (93) | – | 238 (100) | 393 (100) | 0.42 a |
| Suppuration (%) | 177 | – | 46 (19) | 131 (33) | 0.38 a |
| Mean PD (mm) ± SD | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 4.0 c ± 1.8 | 0.000 b |
| Mean marginal bone loss (mm) ± SD | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 4.5 c ± 2.2 | 0.000 b |
| Prosthetic restoration type (%) | 0.42 b | ||||
| Fixed | 96.9 | 100 | 99.1 | 95.6 | |
| Overdenture | 3.1 | – | 0.9 | 4.4 | |
| Keratinized tissue (midbuccal) (%) | 0.58 b | ||||
| Present | 64.9 | 79.2 | 75.2 | 57.8 | |
| Absent | 35.1 | 21.8 | 24.8 | 42.2 | |
| Subgingival restoration margins (%) | 0.17 b | ||||
| Present | 54 | 54.2 | 70.6 | 44 | |
| Absent | 46 | 45.8 | 29.4 | 56 | |
| Implant-abutment interface | 0.45 b | ||||
| Platform switch | 47.6 | 83.3 | 75.6 | 28.5 | |
| Platform match | 52.4 | 16.7 | 24.4 | 71.5 | |