. 2020 Mar 13;147(3):1607–1622. doi: 10.1121/10.0000847

TABLE II.

Properties of model materials used in this study and ranges for human urinary stones.

	Human urinary stones^a	Epoxy^b	Borosilicate glass^c	Artificial stones^d
Density (kg/m³)	1550–2040	1100	2200	2040
Longitudinal wave speed (m/s)	2800–4550	2440	5640	3640
Shear wave speed (m/s)	1460–2130	1295	3300	2035
Longitudinal attenuation (dB/MHz/cm)	N/A	3.0	0.15	2.8
Optical index of refraction	N/A	1.58	1.48	N/A
Immersion liquid density (kg/m³)	1000	1100	1230	1000
Immersion liquid sound speed (m/s)	1500	1493	1880	1500

^{^a}

Data acquired from Ref. 21.

^{^b}

Data for benzyl benzoate acquire from Ref. 47.

^{^c}

Data acquired from Refs. 48 and 49.

^{^d}

Artificial stones are made from Begostone Plus plaster (Bego USA, Lincoln, RI).