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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: HIV Med. 2019 Nov 22;21(4):246–278. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12822

Figure 2. A schematic of microRNA networks affected by HIV virus.

Figure 2.

(1) Up-regulation of miR-221 & 222 blocks CD4 receptor and inhibits entry of virus into the cell. (2) Up-regulation of miR-128 represses nuclear import of the virus. (3) Down regulation of miR-34a enhances release of virus and increases vpu activity. (4) Up-regulation of miR-20a decreases tat activity, inhibits binding of pur α to the LTR promoter, and represses virus replication in monocytes. (5) Up-regulation of miR-223 represses nef, vpr and blocks apoptosis in non-infected CD4 T-cells; miR-n367 decreases nef protein and virus virulence. (6) Down-regulation of miR-29 a/b increases cdc42 expression and promotes apoptosis in CD4 T-cells, (7) Up-regulation of miR-H3 interacts with the tata box in 5́ LTR, enhances promoter activity and increases RNA transcription and protein expression. (8) Up-regulation of miR-TaR3p decreases virus replication via targeting the TaR element in the 5́ LTR. (9) Up-regulation of miR-155 maintains the virus in the latent phase and reduces Nf-κβ signaling pathway