Table 5:
Exosomal cargoes released from HIV-infected cells
| Type of cargo | Expression | Exosome Source | Sample (n) | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MicroRNA | miR-155 | Up regulation | Plasma | 43 | (243) |
| miR-223 | Up regulation | Plasma | 43 | (243) | |
| miR-548a | Upregulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-30e | Upregulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-338 | Upregulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-454 | Upregulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-518f | Upregulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-1243 | Upregulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-1247a | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-150 | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-29a | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-302c | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-636 | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-872 | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| miR-875 | Up regulation | HIV-infected macrophage | (221) | ||
| vmiR-88 | Up regulation | Serum | 14 | (109) | |
| vmiR-99 | Up regulation | Serum | 14 | (109) | |
| miR-29b | Up regulation | - | 16 | (244) | |
| TAR miRNA | Up regulation | PBMC | 6 | (61) | |
| miR-130a | Up regulation | IV-infected and cocaine-treated human monocyte derived macrophages | (245) | ||
| miR-17 | Up regulation | Human monocytic U937 cells | (222) | ||
| miR-382 | Down regulation | Human monocytic U937 cells | (222) | ||
| Protein | Tat | Up regulation | Engineered human cellular exosomes to express HIV Tat | 14 | (246) |
| Nef | Up regulation | Expresstion of HIVs Nef proteins in HEK-293 | (223) | ||
| Hck (hemopoietic cell kinase), ADAM17 | Up regulation | Plasma, Myeloid cells | 8 | (226) | |
| Nef and ADAM17 | Up regulation | Plasma | 8 | ||
| Nef | Up regulation | Induce pro-inflammatory vesicles | (226) | ||
| DAP-3 | Up regulation | Dendritic cells | (247) | ||
| Nef | Up regulation | A3.01 T cell line | (224) | ||
| Nef-ADAM17-TNFα | Up regulation | U937 cells | (248) | ||
| Nef | Up regulation | Astrocyte cultures | (249) | ||
| Fibronectin and Galectin-3 | Up regulation | HIV infected DC | - | (250) | |
| Nef | Up regulation | HEK 293 cells | (251) | ||
| Nef | Up regulation | Plasma, neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y | 12 | (229) | |
| Nef domain (the62EEEE65acidic) | Up regulation | (252) | |||
| Nef | Up regulation | (253) | |||
| Nef | Up regulation | PBLs | (225) | ||
| Gag | Up regulation | Jurkat T cells | (254) | ||
| Nef | Up regulation | Microglial cells | (230) | ||
| Tat | Up regulation | Tat-expressing primary astrocytes | (228) | ||
| Cytokin/ chemokine | Nef and IL-1, IL-2, IL-2Ra, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-16, TNF-α2/α, IFN-β, CXCL10, CCL2/3/4,CD-40L, G-CSF, sFasL, sICAM, | Up regulation | Plasma | 25 | (227) |
| RNA | Trans-activation response (TAR) RNA and TAR-gag | Up regulation | Jurkat E4 cells (HIV-infected T cells) and othere cell lines | In vitro, human PBMC | (255) |
| Nef messenger RNA | Up regulation | SH-SY5Y cells, HEK293 | (229) | ||
| AATK, SLC27A1, and CDKAL | Up regulation | Nef-expressing U937 monocytic cells | (232) | ||
| MECP2, HMOX1, AARSD1,ATF2 | Up regulation | Nef-expressing U937monocytic cells | (232) | ||
| nef messenger RNA | Up regulation | Neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y | (229) | ||
| TAR RNA | Up regulation | (256) | |||
| Defective HIV | defective HIV (F12/Hut-78 cells) andNefF12 | E Up regulation | Hut-78, D10/Hut-78, F12/Hut-78, and Rev-CEM and HEK293 wich infected by virus | (231) | |