Table 5.
Effects of the presence of any axis-I disorder according to DSM-IV on the presence of at least one basic symptom (BS) assessed across all age groups as well as of the novelty and frequency requirements of the BS criteria according to the SPI-A/SPI-CY and (b) estimation of ‘interaction with age’ effects
| Aa | β | SE | Wald (df = 1) | p after bootstrap | Exp (β) | 95% CI | Omnibus test | Bb | β | SE | Wald (df = 1) | p after bootstrap | Exp (β) | 95% CI | Omnibus test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of bs irrespective of novelty and frequency requirements | |||||||||||||||
| ≥ 1 BS | 1.083 | 0.257 | 17.715 | 0.001 | 2.955 | 1.78–4.89 |
 = 16.1, p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 BS × age | 0.045 | 0.010 | 13.427 | < 0.001 | 1.046 | 1.03–1.07 |
 = 16.5, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 cognitive BS | Not a significant predictor; only trend level result | ≥ 1 cognitive BS × age | No significant interaction | ||||||||||||
| ≥ 1 perceptive BS | 1.724 | 0.353 | 23.838 | 0.001 | 5.607 | 2.81–11.20 |
 = 20.9, p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 perceptive BS × age | No stable model | ||||||
| Prevalence of bs meeting novelty irrespective of frequency requirement | |||||||||||||||
| ≥ 1 BS-onset | 1.225 | 0.2619 | 22.082 | 0.001 | 3.403 | 2.04–5.67 |
 = 19.9, p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 BS-onset × age | 0.056 | 0.011 | 25.2509 | < 0.001 | 1.058 | 1.04–1.08 |
 = 22.8, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 cognitive BS-onset | 0.652 | 0.316 | 4.267 | 0.034 | 1.920 | 1.03–3.56 |
 = 3.88, p = 0.049 |
≥ 1 cognitive BS-onset × age | 0.030 | 0.014 | 4.569 | 0.033 | 1.030 | 1.00–1.06 |
 = 4.1, p = 0.043 c
|
| ≥ 1 perceptive BS-onset | 1.828 | 0.360 | 25.754 | 0.001 | 6.219 | 3.07–12.60 |
 = 22.8, p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 perceptive BS-onset × age | 0.090 | 0.017 | 26.805 | < 0.001 | 1.094 | 1.06–1.13 |
 = 26.9, p < 0.001 |
| Prevalence of bs meeting frequency irrespective of novelty requirement | |||||||||||||||
| ≥ 1 BS | 1.941 | 0.391 | 24.677 | 0.001 | 6.946 | 3.24–14.98 |
 = 21.9, p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 BS-frequency × age | No stable model | ||||||
| ≥ 1 cognitive BS-frequency | 1.783 | 0.494 | 16.110 | 0.001 | 5.945 | 2.49–14.20 |
 = 14.1, p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 cognitive BS-frequency × age | No stable model | ||||||
| ≥ 1 perceptive BS-frequency | 2.116 | 0.680 | 9.675 | 0.001 | 8.301 | 2.19–31.50 |
 = 8.9, p = 0.003 |
≥ 1 perceptive BS-frequency × age | 0.127 | 0.043 | 8.879 | 0.003 | 1.136 | 1.04–1.24 |
 = 10.7, p = 0.001 |
| Prevalence of BS criteria | |||||||||||||||
| COPER | 2.050 | 0.434 | 22.340 | 0.001 | 7.769 | 3.32–18.18 |
 = 20.2, p < 0.001 |
COPER × age | No significant interaction | ||||||
| COGDIS | 2.406 | 0.739 | 10.595 | 0.001 | 11.086 | 2.60–47.20 |
 = 10.4, p = 0.001 |
COGDIS × age | 0.123 | 0.039 | 9.790 | 0.002 | 1.131 | 1.05–1.22 |
 = 11.7, p = 0.001 |
SPI-A/SPI-CY Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument, Adult/Child & Youth version
aUnivariate binary logistic regression analyses with method ‘enter’ and subsequent bootstrapping
bBinary logistic regression analyses with method ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ using age (in years), the respective criterion requirement and their interaction term as the independent variables. Only stable models are reported (i.e., both methods revealed significant interaction effects). Otherwise, ‘no stable model’ or ‘no interaction effect’ is stated. Age entered as a continuous variable