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a Arterial and venous pressure change after supine-to-standing posture change. At the standing posture, the hydrostatic pressure of the foot increases to 96 mmHg while the venous pressure increases to 106 mmHg. Since the vein is more compliant, it dilates and 500 mL of blood is shifted to the lower body. b Block diagram of arterial pressure control at the standing posture. Revised Fig. 5 in reference 5
