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. 2020 Mar 13;11:1389. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15116-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic representation of the 3D SGM absorber, characterized by the structural parameters: the depth (d) of trenches, the thickness (t) of the graphene metamaterial layer, the width (w) of the hole, and the period (p) of the structure. Inset shows the structure of the graphene metamaterial. b Absorbance spectrum of ideal solar absorber. Ideal solar absorber is able to efficiently absorb (near-unity) sunlight (shaded red) and minimize energy dissipation through thermal radiation (blue dash line). X indicates the blackbody thermal emission is inhibited. c Simulated spectral reflectance (R), transmittance (T), and absorbance (A) for the SGM absorber featuring a hole width of 0.59 µm, a period of 0.8 µm, a depth of trenches of 1 µm, and a graphene metamaterial film with a thickness of 30 nm.