Figure 5.

Effect of amino acid-chelated trace mineral supplementation on serum FITC-D concentrations and on intestinal stress and inflammatory markers. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring serum FITC-D levels (a). The relative gene expression of HSP70 (b), IL-18 (c), IL-1β (d), OCLN (e), and CLDN1 (f) was determined by qPCR and analyzed by 2^–ΔΔCt method using C–TN group as a calibrator. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 to 10 birds/group). Different letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05. C, control; CLDN1, claudin 1; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSP, heat shock protein; IL, interleukin; M, mineral (Avalar); OCLN, occludin.