Table 1.
Ingredient and chemical composition of experimental diets
| Item | Treatment1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CO | HP-HF | HP-HF-O | |
| Ingredient | % as-is | ||
| Poultry meal (low ash) | 11.36 | 34.16 | 34.16 |
| Soy protein concentrate | 8.00 | 22.00 | 22.00 |
| Barley | 23.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
| Beet pulp | 1.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Brewer’s rice | 38.60 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Chicken fat | 10.50 | 5.30 | 4.00 |
| Liquid digest | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Powder palatant | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Cellulose | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Short-chain fructooligosaccharides2 | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Coconut oil3 | — | — | 0.80 |
| Fish oil | — | — | 0.50 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Potassium chloride | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| Mineral premix4 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| Vitamin premix5 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| Choline chloride | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| Natural antioxidant6 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Analyzed composition | |||
| Dry matter (DM), % | 90.50 | 92.16 | 91.97 |
| %, DM | |||
| Ash | 4.74 | 8.29 | 8.48 |
| Crude protein | 22.31 | 41.94 | 42.91 |
| Acid-hydrolyzed fat | 15.59 | 12.00 | 12.50 |
| Crude fiber | 2.60 | 5.08 | 4.48 |
| Total dietary fiber | 12.10 | 20.90 | 21.00 |
| Insoluble fiber | 6.80 | 13.60 | 14.00 |
| Soluble fiber | 5.30 | 7.30 | 7.00 |
| Nitrogen-free extract7 | 45.26 | 16.87 | 15.11 |
| Gross energy7, kcal/g | 4.61 | 4.66 | 4.64 |
| Metabolizable energy (ME)7, kcal/g | 3.69 | 3.08 | 3.09 |
| Macronutrients on energy basis (% of ME) | |||
| Protein | 21.16 | 47.68 | 48.55 |
| Fat | 35.91 | 33.13 | 34.35 |
| Carbohydrate | 42.93 | 19.18 | 17.10 |
1Treatment: CO, control diet containing a moderate amount of crude protein and dietary fiber, HP-HF, high-protein, high-fiber diet, HP-HF-O, high-protein, high-fiber diet containing additional omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids.
2Short-chain fructooligosaccharides: Fortifeed scFOS prebiotic fiber, Ingredion Inc., Westchester, IL USA.
3Coconut oil: Gold label virgin coconut oil, Healthy Traditions, Inc., Blum, TX, USA.
4Provided per kg diet: Mn (as MnSO4), 66.00 mg; Fe (as FeSO4), 120 mg; Cu (as CuSO4), 18.00 mg; Co (as CoSO4), 1.20 mg; Zn (as ZnSO4), 240 mg; iodine (as KI), 180 mg; Se (as Na2SeO3), 0.24 mg.
5Provided per kg diet: vitamin A, 5.28 mg; vitamin D3, 0.04 mg; vitamin E, 120.00 mg; vitamin K, 0.88 mg; thiamin, 4.40 mg; riboflavin, 5.72 mg; pantothenic acid, 22.00 mg; niacin, 39.60 mg; pyridoxine, 3.52 mg; biotin, 0.13 mg; folic acid, 0.44 mg; vitamin B12, 0.11 mg.
6Natural antioxidant: Naturox liquid antioxidant, blend of vegetable oil, natural mixed tocopherols, lecithin, and rosemary extract.
7Nitrogen-free extract = 100 − (ash + crude protein + acid hydrolyzed fat + total dietary fiber); metabolizable energy = 8.5 kcal ME/g fat + 3.5 kcal ME/g protein + 3.5 kcal ME/g nitrogen-free extract; gross energy was measured by bomb calorimetry.