Table 4.
Item | Dietary treatment group1 | P-values | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COSH | COSP | HP-HF | HP-HF-O | SEM | Treatment | Time | Treatment × Time | |||||
Week 12 | Week 24 | Week 12 | Week 24 | Week 12 | Week 24 | Week 12 | Week 24 | |||||
Change from baseline2: long-chain fatty acids, µg/mL | ||||||||||||
Myristic acid, C14:0 | −1.02bc | −1.73bc | −0.88bc | −0.53bc | −2.98cd | −1.19b | −0.09bc | 2.40a | 0.745 | 0.0159 | 0.0004 | 0.0005 |
Palmitic acid, C16:0 | −5.23a | −49.24ab | −30.95a | −47.49a | −203.70b | −140.89ab | −154.09ab | −110.35ab | 40.258 | 0.0127 | 0.3843 | 0.0295 |
Stearic acid, C18:0 | 62.81 | 1.94 | −6.8 | 17.94 | −248.76 | −123.97 | −195.12 | −117.69 | 40.626 | 0.0030 | 0.0769 | 0.0664 |
Oleic acid, C18:1n9 | −4.59 | −38.31 | −30.65 | −29.31 | −147.21 | −96.28 | −139.64 | −112.73 | 43.664 | 0.1087 | 0.2116 | 0.0568 |
Linoleic acid, C18:2n6 | −2.86a | −120.16ab | 18.30a | −110.94a | −370.89b | −294.83ab | −341.24b | −284.81ab | 50.447 | 0.0006 | 0.1893 | 0.0014 |
Gamma-linolenic acid, C18:3n6 | −0.41 | −0.88 | −0.11 | −0.10 | −3.69 | −1.40 | −3.82 | −3.08 | 0.774 | 0.0245 | 0.2103 | 0.2302 |
Alpha-linolenic acid, C18:3n3 | −0.41ab | −1.60ab | −0.63ab | −1.52ab | −2.87b | −0.56a | −2.68ab | −1.25ab | 0.834 | 0.8289 | 0.2396 | 0.0025 |
Arachidonic acid, C20:4n6 | 131.06 | 49.52 | 9.59 | 77.43 | −261.46 | −75.14 | −223.53 | −127.53 | 58.425 | 0.0579 | 0.0629 | 0.1132 |
Eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n3 | −1.77 | −0.69 | −0.38 | 0.25 | −0.55 | 1.17 | 14.59 | 24.68 | 1.731 | <0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.5290 |
Docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6n3 | 0.81c | −0.17c | −2.92c | −0.43c | −6.54c | −1.65c | 27.20b | 52.01a | 4.449 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
1Dietary treatment group: COSH, sham-operated dogs fed a control diet containing a moderate amount of crude protein and dietary fiber; COSP, spayed dogs fed the control diet; HP-HF, spayed dogs fed a high-protein, high-fiber diet; HP-HF-O, spayed dogs fed a high-protein, high-fiber diet containing additional omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids.
2Mean values during restricted feeding phase (change from week 0 to week 12) and ad libitum phase (change from week 0 to week 24).
a,b,c,dMean values within the same row with unlike superscript letters represent significant treatment × time interactions (P < 0.05).