Schema showing the major roles of butyrate in inhibiting atherosclerosis of mice in this study. Butyrate treatment exerts multi‐faceted beneficial metabolic effects, such as remodelling gut microbiota, reducing hepatic steatosis, modulating lipid/glucose metabolism and, especially, improving RCT by up‐regulating ABCA1 through Sp1 pathway, all of which may eventually lead to ameliorating the development of atherosclerosis