Table 4.
Linear Regression Analyses for the Longitudinal Association of NAFLD With Prevalent Left Ventricular Function, The CARDIA Study, 2015 to 2016
| Y30 Markers of LV Function | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF | E/A Ratio | E/e′ Ratio | Longitudinal Strain | Cardiac Output | ||||||
| β (SE) | P Value | β (SE) | P Value | β (SE) | P Value | β (SE) | P Value | β (SE) | P Value | |
| Base Model* | −1.3 (0.47)† | 0.006† | −0.12 (0.03)† | <0.0001† | 0.68 (0.20)† | 0.0006† | 1.4 (0.24)† | <0.0001† | 0.80 (0.10)† | <0.0001† |
| Multivariable‡ | −1.1 (0.46)† | 0.02† | −0.12 (0.03)† | <0.0001† | 0.86 (0.19)† | <0.0001† | 1.2 (0.24)† | <0.0001† | 0.70 (0.10)† | <0.0001† |
| +HF risk factors§ | −0.96 (0.50) | 0.05 | −0.07 (0.03)† | 0.02† | 0.48 (0.20)† | 0.02† | 0.59 (0.25)† | 0.02† | 0.50 (0.11)† | <0.0001† |
| Multivariable‡ +HF RFs+BMI | −0.89 (0.50) | 0.08 | −0.05 (0.03) | 0.07 | 0.41 (0.20)† | 0.04† | 0.49 (0.26) | 0.06 | 0.22 (0.10)† | 0.03† |
| Multivariable‡ +HF RFs+ %change BMI | −1.0 (0.50)† | 0.04† | −0.07 (0.001)† | 0.01† | 0.50 (0.20)† | 0.01† | 0.61 (0.25)† | 0.02† | 0.52 (0.11)† | <0.0001† |
| Multivariable‡ +HF RFs + VAT | −0.95 (0.52) | 0.07 | −0.03 (0.03) | 0.34 | 0.35 (0.21) | 0.10 | 0.41 (0.26) | 0.12 | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.30 |
| Multivariable‡ + HF RFs+ BMI + %change BMI∥ | −0.02 (0.01) | 0.19 | −0.003 (0.0009)† | 0.005† | 0.10 (0.006) | 0.07 | 0.20 (0.008) | 0.08 | 0.10 (0.003)† | 0.0005† |
BMI indicates body mass index; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NAFLD, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
Adjusted for center only.
Statistically significant.
Multivariable model: adjusted for age, race, sex, study center, education, income level, alcohol intake (drinks/week), smoking status (current/former vs never), physical activity score.
Heart failure risk factors: systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, anti‐hyperlipidemic medication use, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus status, and glomerular filtration rate.
%change BMI=(Y30 BMI−Y25 BMI)/Y25 BMI×100.