Table 2.
Relationship Between Top Polar Metabolites/Lipids Concentration and LVDD
| All | HIV+ | HIV− | P‐inta | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Polar metabolites | |||||
| Phosphocholine | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.59 (0.39–0.87) | 0.008 | 0.56 (0.37–0.87) | 0.65 (0.26–1.62) | 0.26 |
| Model 2 | 0.56 (0.37–0.85) | 0.006 | 0.55 (0.35–0.86) | 0.63 (0.25–1.59) | 0.64 |
| Model 3 | 0.60 (0.39–0.93) | 0.022 | 0.52 (0.32–0.86) | 1.06 (0.41–2.71) | 0.92 |
| C7‐Carnitine | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.60 (1.09–2.36) | 0.017 | 1.61 (1.04–2.50) | 1.55 (0.68–3.54) | 0.25 |
| Model 2 | 1.62 (1.09–2.41) | 0.018 | 1.63 (1.04–2.56) | 1.58 (0.69–3.63) | 0.38 |
| Model 3 | 1.88 (1.18–2.98) | 0.008 | 1.94 (1.16–3.25) | 1.67 (0.68–4.06) | 0.27 |
| C9‐Carnitine | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.73 (1.18–2.55) | 0.006 | 1.96 (1.24–3.12) | 1.23 (0.56–2.71) | 0.35 |
| Model 2 | 1.82 (1.21–2.72) | 0.004 | 2.07 (1.28–3.35) | 1.23 (0.56–2.72) | 0.35 |
| Model 3 | 1.96 (1.25–3.08) | 0.004 | 2.22 (1.32–3.75) | 1.27 (0.51–3.17) | 0.62 |
| C16‐Carnitine | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.67 (1.13–2.48) | 0.011 | 1.72 (1.10–2.70) | 1.44 (0.58–3.60) | 0.30 |
| Model 2 | 1.73 (1.14–2.63) | 0.010 | 1.81 (1.12–2.91) | 1.47 (0.59–3.67) | 0.37 |
| Model 3 | 1.94 (1.18–3.21) | 0.010 | 2.14 (1.22–3.75) | 1.30 (0.47–3.63) | 0.28 |
| Lipids | |||||
| DAG 30:0 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.65 (1.10–2.49) | 0.016 | 1.46 (0.93–2.30) | 2.65 (1.05–6.73) | 0.32 |
| Model 2 | 1.74 (1.14–2.66) | 0.011 | 1.56 (0.98–2.49) | 2.64 (1.04–6.68) | 0.28 |
| Model 3 | 1.70 (1.05–2.76) | 0.032 | 1.48 (0.87–2.53) | 2.76 (1.03–7.37) | 0.60 |
| TAG 46:0 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.62 (1.08–2.41) | 0.018 | 1.45 (0.94–2.23) | 2.89 (1.06–7.90) | 0.36 |
| Model 2 | 1.69 (1.12–2.54) | 0.012 | 1.51 (0.97–2.35) | 2.89 (1.06–7.92) | 0.34 |
| Model 3 | 1.78 (1.10–2.87) | 0.018 | 1.56 (0.93–2.62) | 3.17 (1.09–9.23) | 0.52 |
| TAG 48:0 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.61 (1.08–2.40) | 0.019 | 1.40 (0.91–2.14) | 3.75 (1.28–11.00) | 0.32 |
| Model 2 | 1.69 (1.12–2.54) | 0.012 | 1.46 (0.94–2.26) | 3.76 (1.28–11.08) | 0.37 |
| Model 3 | 1.77 (1.08–2.88) | 0.023 | 1.49 (0.89–2.51) | 4.39 (1.32–14.63) | 0.50 |
| TAG 48:1 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.65 (1.10–2.49) | 0.016 | 1.48 (0.96–2.27) | 3.40 (1.09–10.59) | 0.35 |
| Model 2 | 1.70 (1.12–2.57) | 0.012 | 1.53 (0.99–2.38) | 3.39 (1.09–10.56) | 0.32 |
| Model 3 | 1.79 (1.06–3.03) | 0.029 | 1.60 (0.93–2.77) | 3.61 (1.06–12.32) | 0.41 |
| TAG 50:0 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.59 (1.08–2.35) | 0.019 | 1.39 (0.91–2.12) | 3.22 (1.16–8.96) | 0.30 |
| Model 2 | 1.65 (1.10–2.47) | 0.015 | 1.44 (0.93–2.23) | 3.25 (1.16–9.06) | 0.33 |
| Model 3 | 1.73 (1.05–2.83) | 0.031 | 1.47 (0.86–2.50) | 3.75 (1.19–11.74) | 0.41 |
Regression was performed adjusted for age, race, education level, smoking, drinking habits, HCV infection, and intravenous drug use (model 1). Further adjustment was performed for HIV status, baseline viral load, and ART treatment status (model 2); and, additionally, for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, HOMA‐IR, lipid‐lowering medication, and antihypertensive medication use (model 3). Metabolites underwent rank‐based inverse normal transformation. The OR for LVDD for each 1‐unit increase in the standardized plasma metabolite level (ie, per SD increase in the rank‐based inverse‐normal transformed level). ART indicates antiretroviral therapy; DAG indicates diacylglycerol; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; OR, odds ratio; TAG, triacylglycerol.
P for interaction test.