Table 2.
Changes in BMI, Physical Activity, and Alcohol Consumption Between the Survey Waves in Initiators and Prevalent Users of Preventive Medication Versus Noninitiators
| Lifestyle Factor/User Group | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SDa) | Mean Change (P Valuea) | β Value (95% CI)b | |||
| Baseline | Second Survey | Unadjusted Differencec | Adjusted Differenced | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| Initiators (n=8425) | 26.3 (4.2) | 26.8 (4.5) | 0.51 (<0.001) | 0.13 (0.08–0.17) | 0.19 (0.16–0.22) |
| Prevalent users (n=25 348) | 27.0 (4.6) | 27.3 (4.7) | 0.31 (<0.001) | −0.04 (−0.07 to 0.01) | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) |
| Noninitiators (n=44 091) | 24.9 (3.7) | 25.2 (3.9) | 0.37 (<0.001) | Reference | Reference |
| Physical activity (MET h/d) | |||||
| Initiators (n=8658) | 4.15 (3.77) | 3.97 (3.60) | −0.18 (<0.001) | −0.13 (−0.22 to −0.04) | −0.09 (−0.16 to −0.02) |
| Prevalent users (n=26 368) | 3.78 (3.44) | 3.69 (3.38) | −0.09 (<0.001) | −0.12 (−0.17 to −0.06) | −0.08 (−0.13 to −0.04) |
| Noninitiators (n=45 312) | 4.71 (4.00) | 4.70 (4.03) | −0.01 (0.47) | Reference | Reference |
| Alcohol consumption, g/wk | |||||
| Initiators (n=8721) | 69.0 (108) | 66.4 (110) | −2.64 (0.011) | −2.57 (−4.75 to −0.38) | −1.85 (−3.67 to −0.14) |
| Prevalent users (n=26 546) | 66.7 (109) | 63.9 (111) | −2.38 (<0.001) | −1.73 (−3.13 to 0.34) | −0.72 (−1.92 to 0.49) |
| Noninitiators (n=45 488) | 61.1 (93.2) | 60.6 (95.6) | −0.44 (0.26) | Reference | Reference |
| No. of cigarettes/daye | |||||
| Initiators (n=876) | 13.1 (7.05) | 12.5 (6.83) | −0.60 (<0.001) | −0.37 (−0.63 to −0.11) | −0.34 (−0.60 to −0.08) |
| Prevalent users (n=2251) | 12.3 (6.65) | 12.1 (6.71) | −0.23 (0.016) | −0.02 (−0.20 to 0.16) | 0.05 (−0.13 to 0.24) |
| Noninitiators (n=4532) | 11.9 (6.60) | 11.7 (6.45) | −0.19 (0.002) | Reference | Reference |
Only participant‐observations who had data available on all baseline covariates were included in adjusted models (n=74 291 or 95.4% of those with data on body mass index at both surveys, n=75 613 or 94.1% of those with data on physical activity at both surveys, n=75 781 or 93.8% of those with data on alcohol consumption at both surveys, n=7339 or 95.8% of those reporting number of cigarettes smoked at both surveys). BMI indicates body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
SDs and P values reported here do not take into account that each individual may have contributed to >1 data set.
Derived from generalized estimating equations.
Adjusted for baseline year and time interval between the survey waves.
Adjusted for baseline year; time interval; age; sex; marital, occupational, and employment status; diabetes mellitus; smoking status; and other lifestyle factors.
Among those who were current smokers at both waves.