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. 2020 Feb 5;9(4):e012853. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012853

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© 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Risk of incident atrial fibrillation per 2‐fold higher sphingolipid level. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs are presented; each line represents a separate model. Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, race, and study site; model 2 includes model 1 adjustment terms and additional adjustment for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, treated hypertension, smoking, alcohol use, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, PR interval, prevalent diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and history of myocardial infarction; in model 3, in addition to model 2 adjustment terms, ceramide with palmitic acid (Cer‐16) and sphingomyelin with palmitic acid (SM‐16) include adjustment for ceremide with behenic acid (Cer‐22) and sphingomyelin with behenic acid (SM‐22), respectively; ceramide with arachidic acid (Cer‐20), Cer‐22, ceremide with lignoceric acid (Cer‐24) and sphingomyelin with arachidic acid (SM‐20), SM‐22, and sphingomyelin with lignoceric acid (SM‐24) include adjustment for Cer‐16 and SM‐16, respectively.