Table 2.
Cardiovascular Parameters of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Patients in Preintervention Moment
| Variables | n | Control Group | n | IHT | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Brachial systolic BP, mm Hg | 52 | 149 (23) | 50 | 143 (22) | 0.189 |
| Brachial diastolic BP, mm Hg | 52 | 75 (11) | 50 | 74 (10) | 0.768 |
| Central systolic BP, mm Hg | 51 | 137 (23) | 47 | 133 (21) | 0.317 |
| Central diastolic BP, mm Hg | 51 | 75 (11) | 47 | 75 (10) | 0.998 |
| Heart rate variability | |||||
| RR interval, ms | 49 | 931 (164) | 44 | 949 (179) | 0.779 |
| SDNN, msa | 49 | 30.3 (23.5) | 44 | 25.9 (29.0) | 0.572 |
| RMSSD, msa | 49 | 23.3 (24.0) | 44 | 15.2 (25.2) | 0.120 |
| pNN50, %a | 49 | 2.9 (12.8) | 44 | 0.65 (7.6) | 0.084 |
| Low frequency, ms2 a | 49 | 214 (316) | 44 | 137 (434) | 0.770 |
| High frequency, ms2 a | 49 | 180 (302) | 44 | 74 (220) | 0.245 |
| LF/HFa | 49 | 0.94 (1.32) | 44 | 1.44 (2.67) | 0.041 |
| SD1, msa | 49 | 16.5 (17.1) | 44 | 10.8 (17.8) | 0.124 |
| SD2, msa | 49 | 39.6 (29.9) | 44 | 34.4 (36.5) | 0.794 |
| Shannon entropya | 49 | 3.21 (0.71) | 44 | 3.23 (0.47) | 0.908 |
| Sample entropya | 49 | 1.44 (0.72) | 44 | 1.42 (0.45) | 0.703 |
| Vascular mechanisms | |||||
| Brachial pulse pressure, mm Hga | 52 | 76 (25) | 50 | 66 (24) | 0.156 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hga | 51 | 62 (25) | 47 | 54 (19) | 0.174 |
| Augmentation index, % | 51 | 38 (10) | 47 | 36 (12) | 0.392 |
| Pulse wave velocity, m/s | 41 | 9.4 (2.6) | 43 | 9.7 (2.7) | 0.570 |
| Brachial diameter, mm | 34 | 3.97 (0.57) | 36 | 4.01 (0.73) | 0.764 |
| Flow‐mediated dilation, %a | 33 | 5.7 (7.5) | 35 | 4.9 (6.3) | 0.267 |
| Flow‐mediated dilation, mma | 33 | 0.25 (0.29) | 35 | 0.20 (0.22) | 0.195 |
| Time to maximum diameter, sa | 33 | 63 (81) | 35 | 55 (55) | 0.535 |
| AUC shear rate×100−1 a | 32 | 172 (135) | 34 | 172 (84) | 0.700 |
| Blood flow, mL/mina | 34 | 65 (35) | 36 | 68 (47) | 0.240 |
| FMD/AUC×100−1 a | 32 | 0.05 (0.06) | 34 | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.132 |
Data presented as mean (SD). P, level of significance in independent t test or Mann–Whitney U tests. AUC indicates area under the curve of shear rate; BP, blood pressure; FMD/AUC, flow‐mediated dilation corrected by area under the curve of shear rate; IHT, isometric handgrip group; LF/HF, low frequency/high frequency ratio; pNN50, percentage of number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms; RMMSD, root mean square of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals; SDNN, standard deviation of all RR intervals.
a
Data presented as median (interquartile range).