Table 3.
Demographic Characteristics and CVH Among Women, Aged 20 to 44 Years, in the United States, by Pregnancy Status, 1999 to 2014
| Variable | Pregnancy Status | P Value for Comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant | Not Pregnant | ||
| Population % Prevalence (95% CI) of Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age group, sample N | 1117 | 8200 | |
| 20–24 y | 28.4 (24.3–32.5) | 20.2 (18.7–21.7) | <0.0001 |
| 25–34 y | 55.9 (51.3–60.5) | 37.5 (36.0–39.0) | |
| 35–44 y | 15.7 (11.8–19.6) | 42.3 (40.7–44.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity, sample N | 1117 | 8200 | |
| White (non‐Hispanic) | 55.2 (49.7–60.6) | 62.0 (60.2–65.4) | <0.0001 |
| Black (non‐Hispanic) | 13.7 (10.5–16.9) | 14.0 (11.9–14.8) | |
| Mexican | 14.3 (11.5–17.0) | 10.0 (8.6–11.3) | |
| Other Hispanic | 5.8 (3.6–7.9) | 8.0 (5.6–8.4) | |
| Other race | 11.1 (7.7–14.6) | 7.3 (6.1–7.7) | |
| Education, sample N | 1075 | 7877 | |
| Less than high school | 18.6 (15.9–21.4) | 17.3 (16.1–18.6) | 0.10 |
| High school graduate | 19.1 (15.4–22.8) | 23.0 (21.4–24.5) | |
| Greater than high school | 62.3 (58.2–66.5) | 59.7 (57.6–61.7) | |
| Family income/poverty ratio, sample Na | 1040 | 7635 | |
| ≤1.30 | 23.9 (20.1–27.7) | 27.1 (25.5–28.7) | 0.33 |
| 1.30–≤1.85 | 12.7 (9.4–16.0) | 11.5 (10.7–12.4) | |
| >1.85 | 63.4 (58.4–68.4) | 61.4 (59.6–63.1) | |
| Variable | Pregnancy Status | P Value for Adjusted Comparisonb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant | Not Pregnant | ||
| Population % Prevalence (95% CI) of CVH Status | |||
| Individual CVH metrics | |||
| Diet, sample N | 1092 | 7618 | |
| Ideal | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.28 |
| Intermediate | 19.4 (15.5–23.3) | 20.2 (19.0–21.5) | |
| Poor | 80.5 (76.6–84.4) | 79.3 (78.0–80.6) | |
| Physical activity, sample N | 1117 | 8200 | |
| Ideal | 27.3 (22.2–32.3) | 40.1 (38.4–41.8) | <0.0001 |
| Intermediate | 27.9 (23.1–32.8) | 23.1 (21.9–24.4) | |
| Poor | 44.8 (39.5–50.0) | 36.8 (35.3–38.2) | |
| Smoking status, sample N | 1117 | 8195 | |
| Ideal | 77.7 (73.3–82.2) | 73.1 (71.7–74.6) | <0.0001 |
| Intermediate | 12.4 (8.6–16.1) | 2.4 (2.0–2.9) | |
| Poor | 9.9 (6.9–12.9) | 24.4 (23.1–25.8) | |
| BMI, sample N | 1054 | 6917 | |
| Ideal | 51.1 (46.0–56.2) | 43.3 (41.4–45.1) | 0.06 |
| Nonideal | 48.9 (43.8–54.0) | 56.7 (54.9–58.6) | |
| Blood pressure, sample N | 1037 | 5466 | |
| Ideal | 90.4 (87.5–93.3) | 74.1 (72.7–75.5) | <0.0001 |
| Intermediate | 9.0 (6.1–11.9) | 22.3 (21.0–23.6) | |
| Poor | 0.6 (0.03–1.2) | 3.6 (3.1–4.1) | |
| Total cholesterol, sample N | 1047 | 7688 | |
| Ideal | 38.9 (33.7–44.0) | 67.2 (66.0–68.5) | <0.0001 |
| Intermediate | 29.9 (25.6–34.1) | 24.7 (23.5–25.9) | |
| Poor | 31.3 (26.4–36.2) | 8.1 (7.3–8.8) | |
| Fasting plasma glucose, sample N | 445 | 2948 | |
| Ideal | 91.6 (88.3–94.9) | 81.7 (79.9–83.5) | 0.007 |
| Nonideal | 8.4 (5.1–11.7) | 18.3 (16.5–20.1) | |
| Composite CVH | |||
| No. of ideal CVH behaviors, mean (95% CI) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | 0.0003 |
| No. of ideal CVH factors, mean (95% CI) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 2.7 (2.6–2.7) | 0.05 |
| Total No. of ideal CVH metrics, mean (95% CI) | 3.7 (3.4–3.9) | 3.8 (3.8–3.9) | 0.0005 |
| Total CVH score, mean (95% CI) | 8.3 (8.0–8.7) | 8.6 (8.5–8.7) | 0.004 |
| Total CVH category prevalence (95% CI), sample N | 406 | 2563 | |
| High (CVH score 12–14) | 4.6 (0.5–8.8) | 13.0 (11.0–15.0) | 0.01 |
| Moderate (CVH score 8–11) | 60.6 (52.3–68.9) | 55.8 (53.4–58.2) | |
| Low (CVH score 0–7) | 34.8 (26.4–43.2) | 31.2 (28.7–33.7) | |
| Total CVH score, excluding cholesterol, mean (95% CI) | 7.3 (6.9–7.6) | 7.0 (6.9–7.1) | 0.98 |
| Total CVH category, excluding cholesterol, prevalence (95% CI), sample N | 408 | 2589 | |
| High (CVH score 10–12) | 8.5 (3.9–13.1) | 16.2 (14.2–18.2) | 0.001 |
| Moderate (CVH score 6–9) | 78.2 (71.3–85.2) | 59.3 (57.2–61.3) | |
| Low (CVH score 0–5) | 13.2 (7.5–18.9) | 24.6 (22.5–26.6) | |
All estimates are based on population‐weighted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMI and fasting plasma glucose data are for 1999 to 2012, as month of pregnancy information was not available in 2013 to 2014. BMI indicates body mass index; CVH, indicates cardiovascular health.
a
For 1999 to 2006, calculated on the basis of annual income (INDFMPIR); for 2007 to 2014, calculated on the basis of monthly income (INDFMMPI).
b
After adjustment for age and race/ethnicity.