. 2020 Jan 23;12(2):304. doi: 10.3390/nu12020304

Table 2.

What We Eat in America broad food category ^a intake comparisons by frequency and energy among food secure and insecure (low and very low food secure) U.S. children and adolescents 6–11 and 12–17 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014 ^b.

	6–11 Years (n = 4437)
	Food Secure		Food Insecure		χ² p-Value		Low Food Secure		Very Low Food Secure		χ² p-Value
WWEIA Broad Food Category ^a,c	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Foods ^e	Energy ^e	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Foods ^f	Energy ^f
Milk/Dairy ^g	12.6 (0.2)	11.6 (0.3)	12.0 (0.6)	11.0 (0.5)	0.31	0.36	12.0 (0.6)	10.8 (0.6)	11.7 (0.8)	12.7 (1.2)	0.47	0.34
Protein ^h	9.3 (0.2)	12.1 (0.3)	9.6 (0.5)	11.6 (0.7)	0.59	0.57	9.3 (0.5)	11.1 (0.9)	12.0 (0.8)	15.4 (1.0)	0.11	0.14
Mixed Dish ⁱ	8.0 (0.2)	22.1 (0.6)	9.3 (0.6)	24.8 (1.9)	0.04 *	0.19	9.4 (0.7)	25.3 (2.1)	8.9 (0.9)	20.2 (1.7)	0.05	0.15
Grain ^j	11.2 (0.2)	14.3 (0.3)	11.4 (0.4)	13.7 (0.8)	0.72	0.49	11.4 (0.5)	13.8 (0.8)	10.9 (0.8)	12.8 (1.1)	0.84	0.62
Snack/Sweet ^k	16.1 (0.3)	21.0 (0.5)	14.4 (0.6)	18.3 (0.9)	0.02*	0.02 *	14.5 (0.6)	18.1 (0.9)	13.9 (1.7)	20.1 (1.8)	0.05	0.02 *
Fruit ^l	5.8 (0.2)	2.8 (0.1)	5.1 (0.4)	2.7 (0.3)	0.17	0.67	4.8 (0.4)	2.5 (0.3)	7.4 (1.1)	4.0 (0.5)	0.07	0.24
Vegetable ^m	6.5 (0.2)	3.6 (0.2)	6.5 (0.7)	4.3 (0.5)	0.98	0.26	6.4 (0.7)	4.4 (0.6)	7.8 (0.9)	3.3 (0.5)	0.72	0.27
Beverage ⁿ	11.4 (0.2)	8.9 (0.2)	12.7 (0.6)	9.9 (0.6)	0.02 *	0.11	12.8 (0.6)	9.9 (0.7)	12.0 (1.1)	9.8 (1.3)	0.04	0.22
Water ^o	9.0 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	8.9 (0.6)	0.0 (0.0)	0.90	0.18	9.0 (0.6)	0.0 (0.0)	8.4 (0.8)	0.0 (0.0)	0.92	0.18
Fat/Oil ^p	3.3 (0.1)	1.5 (0.1)	3.1 (0.3)	1.7 (0.2)	0.56	0.55	3.3 (0.3)	1.8 (0.3)	1.3 (0.2)	0.8 (0.1)	0.03	0.21
Cond ^q/Sauce ^r	4.2 (0.2)	0.7 (0.0)	4.6 (0.4)	0.8 (0.2)	0.44	0.57	4.7 (0.4)	0.9 (0.2)	3.7 (1.0)	0.5 (0.2)	0.48	0.54
Sugars ^s	2.4 (0.1)	1.1 (0.1)	2.2 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	0.46	0.88	2.2 (0.2)	1.2 (0.2)	1.9 (0.6)	0.3 (0.1)	0.70	0.12
	12–17 Years (n = 3686)
	Food Secure		Food Insecure		χ²p-Value		Low Food Secure		Very Low Food Secure		χ²p-Value
WWEIA Broad Food Category ^a,c	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Foods ^e	Energy ^e	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Foods (SE)	Wtd % ^d of Reported Energy (SE)	Foods ^f	Energy ^f
Milk/Dairy ^g	10.7 (0.3)	9.4 (0.3)	9.8 (0.4)	8.3 (0.5)	0.06	0.08	9.7 (0.4)	8.1 (0.6)	10.3 (0.5)	9.5 (0.8)	0.17	0.20
Protein ^h	9.6 (0.3)	12.8 (0.6)	9.8 (0.5)	12.7 (0.9)	0.77	0.98	9.7 (0.5)	12.2 (0.9)	10.6 (0.5)	16.2 (0.8)	0.74	0.35
Mixed Dish ⁱ	8.8 0.2)	24.6 (0.7)	10.1 (0.7)	25.3 (1.5)	0.09	0.66	10.3 (0.8)	25.8 (1.6)	8.7 (0.3)	21.9 (0.9)	0.08	0.55
Grain ^j	10.6 (0.2)	12.8 (0.3)	10.8 (0.4)	12.7 (0.7)	0.61	0.84	10.9 (0.4)	12.9 (0.7)	10.5 (0.8)	11.3 (1.0)	0.87	0.71
Snack/Sweet ^k	14.3 (0.4)	18.7 (0.6)	13.3 (0.6)	18.6 (1.3)	0.18	0.96	13.5 (0.6)	18.7 (1.3)	12.4 (0.5)	18.5 (0.9)	0.28	0.99
Fruit ^l	4.3 (0.3)	2.0 (0.1)	4.1 (0.4)	2.0 (0.3)	0.66	0.88	4.1 (0.5)	2.0 (0.2)	4.1 (0.5)	2.3 (0.3)	0.92	0.92
Vegetable ^m	7.9 (0.3)	4.2 (0.2)	7.9 (0.6)	3.9 (0.4)	0.96	0.49	7.6 (0.6)	3.8 (0.5)	9.8 (0.7)	4.3 (0.3)	0.63	0.69
Beverage ⁿ	12.7 (0.2)	11.2 (0.3)	15.4 (0.6)	13.0 (0.7)	<0.0001 *	0.03 *	15.5 (0.5)	13.1 (0.7)	14.4 (0.7)	12.2 (0.7)	0.0001 *	0.05
Water ^o	10.3 (0.3)	0.1 (0.0)	8.7 (0.5)	0.1 (0.0)	0.004 *	0.77	8.6 (0.6)	0.1 (0.1)	8.8 (0.5)	0.1 (0.1)	0.004 *	0.92
Fat/Oil ^p	3.6 (0.2)	1.9 (0.2)	3.5 (0.3)	1.6 (0.2)	0.90	0.18	3.4 (0.3)	1.4 (0.2)	4.0 (0.6)	2.6 (0.2)	0.83	0.10
Cond ^q/Sauce ^r	5.0 (0.2)	0.9 (0.1)	4.5 (0.5)	0.7 (0.1)	0.32	0.37	4.4 (0.5)	0.8 (0.1)	4.7 (0.4)	0.6 (0.1)	0.60	0.59
Sugars ^s	2.0 (0.1)	1.0 (0.1)	1.8 (0.2)	0.7 (0.1)	0.68	0.08	2.0 (0.3)	0.8 (0.1)	1.4 (0.2)	0.5 (0.1)	0.57	0.06

^a The What We Eat in America (WWEIA) broad food categories were applied to categorize all foods and beverages reported in a single day to 14 broad food groups. ^b Survey weights and adjustments for the complex survey design were applied to represent the non-institutionalized U.S. population. Total numbers and percentages do not always add up to sample size due to missing values and rounding. ^c “Alcohol” and “Other” WWEIA category removed because of <20 reports. ^d Wtd % stands for the estimated weighted percent of all reports of foods or beverages or energy from reported foods or beverages reported in a single day that are included in a food group; SE = Standard Error ^e Statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05 for comparison of food secure vs. food insecure using the Rao–Scott modified chi-square statistic ^f Statistical significance at p ≤ 0.02 using a Bonferroni type adjustment for multiple comparisons indicated by “*”for comparison of food secure vs. low food secure vs. very low food secure and using the Rao–Scott modified chi-square statistic. ^g Milk, flavored milk, dairy drinks and substitutes, cheese and yogurt. ^h Meats, poultry, seafood, eggs, cured meats/poultry, and plant-based protein foods. ⁱ Mixed dishes containing meat, poultry seafood; grain-based; Asian; Mexican; pizza; sandwiches, and soups. ^j Cooked grains, breads, rolls, tortillas, quick breads, and bread products, ready-to-eat cereals, and cooked cereals. ^k Savory snacks, crackers, snack/meal bars, sweet bakery products, candy and other desserts. ^l Fresh fruits, dried fruits, and fruit salads. ^m Vegetables and white potatoes. ⁿ 100% juice, diet beverages, sweetened beverages, coffee and tea. ^o Plain water and flavored or enhanced water. ^p Butter and animal fats, margarine, cream cheeses, cream, mayonnaise, salad dressings and vegetable oils. ^q Condiment. ^r Tomato-based, soy-based, mustard, olives, pickled vegetables, pasta sauces, dips, gravies, and other sauces. ^s Sugars, honey, jams, syrups, and toppings.